Feature Charts From Hayes 1f4p4s

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

p. 95

12. Feature Charts In the charts below I have aimed at a compromise between maintaining reasonable size and broad coverage. Many sounds absent from the charts can have their features deduced by looking up a similar sound and changing the most obvious features; or you can try using the FeaturePad software listed at the end of this chapter. A more complete feature chart can be ed as a spreadsheet from http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/IP/. 12.1 Consonants I: Single Place of Articulation For consonants that have two places of articulation (complex segments), see the next section. All consonants are [–syllabic], and this feature is not included in the chart. Manner features

Laryngeal features

bilabial labiodental

 +  +

dental

 –  +

tense back front low high DORSAL

 +  +

lateral strident distributed anterior CORONAL

 +  +

labiodental round LABIAL

 +  +

constr gl spread gl voice

nasal trill tap approximant delayed release continuant sonorant consonantal  +  +

Place features

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

+

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

+

+

0

+

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

+

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

+

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

+

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

+

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +  +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

Manner features

Laryngeal features

tense back

front

lateral

low high DORSAL

strident

distributed anterior CORONAL

alveolar

Place features

labiodental round LABIAL

constr gl spread gl voice

nasal trill tap approximant delayed release continuant sonorant consonantal palato-alveolar

p. 96

 + –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

y

–

–

y

+

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

–

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + +

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + +

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + +

+

0

+

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + +

+

0

+

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

+

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + +

+

0

+

–

+

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

–

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 + –

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 – +

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

Manner features

retroflex

tense back front low

high DORSAL

lateral strident distributed

anterior CORONAL

fronted velar

Place features

labiodental round LABIAL

constr gl spread gl voice

velar

Laryngeal features

nasal trill

tap

approximant delayed release continuant sonorant consonantal back velar

p. 97

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

+

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

+

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

+

+

0

+

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

 –

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

+

–

+

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

+

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

+

+

+

–

0

0

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

+

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

+

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

+

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

+

0

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

Manner features

Laryngeal features

front

back

tense

uvular

low

high DORSAL

lateral

strident distributed

anterior CORONAL

labiodental

pharyn

Place features

round LABIAL

constr gl spread gl voice

nasal trill tap approximant delayed release continuant sonorant consonantal glottal

p. 98

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

–

–

+

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

–

–

+

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

–

–

+

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

–

–

+

0

 +

+

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

–

–

+

0

 +

+

+

0

+

–

+

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

–

–

+

0

 +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

+

–

+

0

 +

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

–

+

–

+

0

 +

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 –

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

 –

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

p. 99

12.2 Consonants II: Complex Segments These segments have two places of articulation. They are all [–syllabic], so this feature is not included in the chart. Manner features

Laryngeal features

labialback velar labialvelar front velar alveolopalatal palatal

 +  +  +  +

tense back front low high DORSAL

 +  +

lateral strident distributed anterior CORONAL

 –  +

labiodental round LABIAL

 +  +

constr gl spread gl voice

nasal trill tap approximant delayed release continuant sonorant consonantal  –  –

Place features

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

+

+

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

0

0

0

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

–

0

0

0

–

+

+

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

+

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

+

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

+

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

+

+

+

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

 +  +

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

+

–

0

–

–

–

+

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

–

+

+

–

+

–

0

 +

+

+

0

+

–

–

–

+

–

–

–

–

–

+

–

+

–

+

+

+

–

+

–

0

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

p. 100

12.3 Vowels The basic features for vowels (shown by the basic IPA symbols rather than the diacritics) are [round], [high], [low], [front], and [back]. [labial] is predictable, occurring only in [+round] vowels. All other features are invariant; unless overridden by a diacritic, all vowels are [+syllabic, –consonantal, +sonorant, +continuant, 0delayed release, +approximant, –tap, –trill, –nasal, –voice, –spread glottis, +constricted glottis, –labiodental, –coronal, 0anterior, 0distributed, 0strident]. high lax

high tense [high] [low] [tense] [front] [back] [round]

i + – + + – –

[high] [low] [tense] [front] [back] [round]

 – – – + – –

y + – + +

– +

 + – +

u + – +

– –

–

–

+

+





+ – +

+ – +

– – –





–

+ +

 + – – + – –

+ – – + – +

+ – – – + +

 – – – – + –

 – – – – + +

æ – + 0 + – –

 – + 0 + – +

mid lax  – – – + – +

 – – – – – –

 – – – – – +

mid tense 

e – – + + – –

– – + + – +

 – + 0 – + –

 – + 0 – + +

low a – + 0 – – –

 – – + – – –

 – – + – – +

 – – + – + –

o – – + – + +

Introductory Phonology

Chapter 4: Features

p. 101

12.4 Diacritics Diacritic                  ’

As applied to a consonant voiced sounds voiced sounds voiced sounds alveolar alveolar velar velar before a syllable any segment a consonant a consonant a consonant a consonant a consonant a sonorant a vowel an obstruent

Phonetic definition syllabic creaky voice breathy voice voiceless palato-alveolar dental fronted velar backed velar stressed long aspirated palatalized labialized velarized pharyngealized nasalized rhotic ejective

Designates these features [+syllabic] [–spread glottis, +constricted glottis] [+spread glottis, –constricted glottis] [–voice] [–anterior, +distributed] [+anterior, +distributed] [+front, –back] [–front, +back] [+stress] [+long] [+spread glottis, –constricted glottis] [+dorsal, +high, –low, –front, –back] [+labial, +round] [+dorsal, +high, –low, –front, +back] [+dorsal, –high, +low, –front, +back] [+nasal] [+coronal, +anterior, +distributed, –strident] [–spread glottis, +constr glottis]