Uettdrrf06b Learner Guide 211j5

UETTDRRF06B Perform Rescue from a Live LV

LEARNER GUIDE

UETTDRRF06B - Perform rescue from a live LV

Learner Name: Learner USI Number: Learner Number: Learner Email Address: Date Training Commenced:

LG.195 - V1.2 (UETTDRRF06B Learner Guide) Uncontrolled When Printed

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Copyright Text copyright © 2018 by Site Skills Training Pty Ltd Layout, design and Illustration copyright © 2018 by Site Skills Training Pty Ltd Under the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act), (except for any purposes approved by Site Skills Training for study, research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission by Site Skills Training. Except for a maximum of one chapter or 10% of this book, whichever is the greater, to be copied by an educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that isters it) has given a remuneration notice. Disclaimer All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of this publication. Site Skills Training assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions and no warranties are made with regard to this publication. Neither Site Skills Training, nor any authorised distributors shall be held responsible for any direct, incidental or consequential damages resulting from the use of this publication. The sole purpose of this document is for the facilitation of training and assessment purposes. Published in Australia by: Site Skills Training Validated by: Kalvin Bartlett Version

Date

Changes

V1.0

26/06/2018

Initial Release

V1.1

3/07/2018

Content added to match AI/AG

Kalvin Bartlett

Approved

V1.2

9/07/2018

Content added through SME

Kalvin Bartlett

Approved


Changed by

Status

Approved

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Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 5 2. Safety Regulations and Acts ...................................................................... 5 2.1. Safe performance of live electrical work ....................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Obligations of the Employer .................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Low voltage rescue training .................................................................................................... 6 2.1.4 Providing safety equipment .................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Obligations of the employee.......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Pre-planning on the worksite .................................................................................................. 8

3. Risk Management ...................................................................................... 9 3.1 Risk/Hazard Identification ............................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 10 3.2.1 Dynamic Risk Assessment .................................................................................................... 12

4. General principles of low voltage rescue ................................................. 13 4.1 Use and maintenance of the rescue kit ........................................................................................ 14 4.1.1 The rescue kit ..................................................................................................................... 14 4.1.2 Using The Fire Blanket ......................................................................................................... 15 4.2 Maintenance of the rescue equipment .......................................................................................... 16

5. Low voltage rescue procedures................................................................ 17 5.1 Removing the victim................................................................................................................... 18 5.1.1 Required equipment ........................................................................................................ 18 5.2 One-man drag method ............................................................................................................... 19

6. Treatment of victims ................................................................................ 19 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

General Burns ............................................................................................................................ 19 Flash burns ............................................................................................................................... 20 Airway burns ............................................................................................................................. 20 Electrical burns .......................................................................................................................... 20 Bleeding .................................................................................................................................... 21

7. Securing the incident scene ..................................................................... 23 8. Reporting Procedures .............................................................................. 24


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1. Introduction Welcome to this course, which is based on the unit of competency, UETTDRRF06B: Perform Rescue From A Live LV The unit UETTDRRF06B: Perform Rescue from A Live LV includes the skills and knowledge required to rescue a person in with low voltage live electrical conductors and equipment. The materials in this course cover the requirements and processes for a person to carry out a risk assessment of an electrically hazardous situation and to perform low voltage rescue procedures without hazard to themselves or others.

2. Safety Regulations and Acts An important aspect of working safely in the workplace is understanding the workplace health and safety requirements for your industry. You will find your employers and your responsibility for electrical safety in the workplace in the legislations and Acts for your State. For example: Electrical Safety Act - relevant to your state or territory Electrical Safety Regulations - relevant to your state or territory Codes of Practice - A code of practice is a set of guidelines and regulations to be followed by of a profession, trade, occupation or organization. Each Australian State has a code of practice that governs how persons work on, or near, electrical equipment in public or private generation and power distribution systems. Australian Standards - A national standard is a publication that prescribes how an article, an item of equipment or a process must be made or performed

2.1. Safe performance of live electrical work Legislation and regulations define the measures that should be undertaken to ensure the safety of a person performing live electrical work. For example, the guiding legislation for live electrical work in Western Australia includes the WA Electrical Requirements 2014, Code of Practice – Safe Low Voltage Work Practices by Electricians, AS/NZS 4836, as well as the OHS Act 1984, OHS Regulations 1996, MSI Act 1994 and MSI Regulations 1995.


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It is essential that you are familiar with the relevant legislation and regulations that apply to conducting low voltage electrical work in your state or territory. You must also be able to apply the appropriate measures to ensure your safety such as: Workers who must perform or assist in performing electrical work must be competent in rescue and resuscitation in accordance with recognised practices.

2.1.2 Obligations of the Employer In accordance with electrical safety legislation, it is the responsibility of the employer to ensure that workers under their control have appropriate training and the necessary safety equipment to perform low voltage rescue according to workplace procedures. Depending on the state or territory you are working in this may include the provision of: Suitable rescue equipment appropriate for the type of work situation. Training by qualified instructors. Assessment every 12 months to confirm competency in rescue and resuscitation.

2.1.3 Low voltage rescue training Relevant training may include but is not limited to: Ensuring that all staff are competent in rescue and resuscitation prior to undertaking work. Electrical activity certification including the issue of relevant worksite permits to enable people to undertake their duties safely. Ensuring workers hold licences relevant to the task (where appropriate). Ensuring that all workers have completed relevant hazard identification and risk assessment training. Training in the use of all rescue equipment. Instruction in appropriate isolation and tag out procedures.


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2.1.4 Providing safety equipment It is also the employer’s duty to ensure that all relevant safety equipment is provided. This may include but is not limited to: Rescue kit and related equipment. Testing equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. insulating gloves, safety glasses, hard hats, long sleeves and tros. Adequately stocked first aid kits. Correctly insulated tools to prevent electrical shock or with live electricity. Other relevant safety equipment for the work task. It is also the employer’s duty of care to ensure that the safety equipment is:

2.2 Obligations of the employee Electrical safety legislation and regulations in all states and territories also outline the obligations and responsibilities of employees regarding low voltage rescue. Referring to the Electrical Safety Act 2002 (Qld) and Electrical Safety Regulations 2002 (Qld) again as an example, employees have the following obligations:


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To wear the appropriate safety clothing and use all safety equipment correctly. The type of clothing worn when working with LV electrical equipment can play an important part in providing protection against burns. Clothing made of 100% cotton with flame retardant properties, for example, will provide maximum protection when all of the skin is covered. Before commencing work staff should remove any conductive materials such as rings, metal neck chains. Not to damage or misuse any equipment provided for safety within the workplace. To follow relevant safe working procedures. To comply with the instructions for the electrical safety of persons and property given by the employer or person in control of the electrical equipment. Not to place themselves or any other person at risk in the work area. Where low voltage rescue is required, the employee has the responsibility to conduct rescue operations within the boundaries of their training and to follow documented procedures. This means that they must have knowledge of rescue and resuscitation related to the type of work being conducted, and must have been trained/reassessed during the previous 12 months

2.2.1 Pre-planning on the worksite Any work should be planned for to ensure not only that the work has been completed according to the job requirements, but also that all of the WHS/OHS; environmental and codes of conduct requirements for the work have been put in place. The employer is responsible for ensuring that all staff on a work site receive the relevant safety information for the site such as OHS/WHS, code of conduct and anti-discrimination. That information must be conveyed both verbally and in writing to staff (through site inductions, safety signage; in minutes of meetings; in emails to staff). Take 5 or Toolbox meetings each day will ensure that staff all reminded of the safety requirements for a worksite. Point of isolation: When working with LV electrical equipment, the worker will also be required to identify the point of isolation before work is commenced and explain the method of operation to the safety observer, to ensure that all risks of electrical harm is eliminated and that all workers are informed that the safety measures for electricity have been applied by the placement of a safety lock and tag. When work is being carried out on the LV electrical equipment, the required safety measure is to tagout and lockout the equipment so that any workers will be able to identify that the equipment has been made safe. The isolation procedure should identify common lockout points to ensure energy cannot be restored while someone is still working on the machinery and equipment. If two or more people are working on machinery and equipment that is isolated through several lockout points, each person should attach a lock and tag to each lockout point. In the event of an emergency incident occurring with LV electrical equipment where shock or injury has occurred, the equipment should be disconnected as a priority to allow for treatment of the injured person. LG.195 - V1.2 (UETTDRRF06B Learner Guide) Uncontrolled When Printed

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3. Risk Management The risk management process includes:

3.1 Risk/Hazard Identification It is important that you identify any risks or hazards that may affect you or any injured persons. A HAZARD is a source or situation with the potential for harm in of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, the environment, or a combination of these.

A RISK is defined as the chance of a hazard hurting you or somebody else or causing some damage. Risk management requires you to make prompt and appropriate decisions relating to the management of the incident.


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Failure to act accordingly and quickly may result in the casualty’s injuries worsening to the point where they may die. You may also be placing yourself in unnecessary danger by not eliminating hazards and risks before you begin the rescue operation and/or R. You should only apply R to a patient when they are unresponsive and there is no pulse. Each rescue situation will be unique. You will always have the risks associated with the electricity, but don’t overlook the other hazards as well. You may need to consider factors such as: Risk of fire developing. Risk of electric shock. Risk of other injuries occurring due to smoke or the release of toxic gases from burning equipment or materials. By identifying and assessing the risks you can then develop control or minimisation measures that will reduce the chance of you or other personnel suffering injury during the rescue process. The following table sets out an example. Hazard Blood Live wires Back injury – one-man drag Clothing Fire

Control measures to be implemented Wear gloves Lock out/tag out Use appropriate manual handling and lifting procedures Fire blanket

Level of Risk

(low, medium, high)

Rescuer High High High

Victim Low High Low

Bystanders medium medium Low

High

High

Low

3.2 Risk Assessment You will need to identify and assess the risks associated with low voltage rescue situations. This will include an assessment of:

A hazard identification and risk assessment process must be carried out at the planning and preparation stage by the employer/contractor; in consultation with the persons doing the work to determine what risks may arise when the work is being carried out. Safe systems of work must then be put in place to eliminate or control these risks:


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The process of risk assessment and control is made up of the following steps: Identify the hazards Assess the risk(s) to the health and safety of persons arising from the hazards Use appropriate control measures to eliminate or control the risk(s) Monitor and review the control measures to ensure on-going safety. Determine the risk level (likelihood and consequence combined) associated with the hazard. Once you arrive at a work area, everyone in the work group must be familiarised with the location, possible avenues of approach for a rescue, and any risks that may be encountered. For this reason, a risk assessment of the worksite must be conducted in relation to the work to be carried out, and in relation to performing a rescue in the case of an accident or incident. When preparing for the commencement of work, all controls indicated by the risk assessment(s) and safe work method statement(s) as applicable must have been put in place and that no new hazards exist or have been created. A Safe Work Method Statement or SWMS is used to determine how the works is undertaken and provides the instructions relevant to the situation. An accident/incident form contains the following information as a minimum:  Location of the incident  Patient’s name  Location/nature of the injuries  Description of the incident  Remedial action taken for the patient – first aid  Isolation of the faulty/live equipment involved in the incident Upon completion an accident/incident form must be forwarded to a workplace representative such as your supervisor, emergency services or regulatory authorities. The person will be determined by the level of injury who the report was sent to, as well as an event where the workplace was negligent in providing safe working conditions. Undertaking the risk management process. Typically, the types of events which may occur when working with LV electrical equipment may include the following: Potential Event  Worker receives and electric shock A fire breaks out on electrical equipment

   

Equipment malfunctions causing worker injury

    

Likely outcome Worker is thrown back away from the live electrical equipment The worker remains in with the live electrical equipment The Worker receives flash burns to their eyes or other exposed parts of their body The Workers clothing catching fire The work area is engulfed in smoke or toxic fumes – the work area is extremely hot and/or visibility has been reduced Burns Fractures Head injury Cuts or abrasions Spinal injury


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When conducting a risk assessment of a work area, it may not be possible to factor in all of the possible injuries that may occur on a worksite but it is important that the safety observer on the worksite is prepared for as many potential risks as possible.

3.2.1 Dynamic Risk Assessment A Dynamic Risk Assessment (DRA) is undertaken in a situation that has the potential to change dramatically and suddenly. The concepts behind a dynamic risk assessment include: The assessment of risk in dynamic situations is undertaken prior to, during and after the execution of an operation. The benefits of proceeding with a task must be weighed carefully against the risk. Think before you act rather than act before you think. What sets DRA apart from systematic risk assessment is that it is applied in situations where: Unpredictable/unforeseen risks exist. The risk environment rapidly changes. Individuals are able to make a risk judgment. Personnel are able to adopt a consistent approach to assessing risk. Dynamic Risk Assessments are therefore vital during any emergency situation, including performance of low voltage rescue.

3.2.1.3 Risk Treatment Once hazards are identified and risks assessed, the risks need to be minimised through a range of control measures. The reason for minimising risks before undertaking a rescue or R is so that the rescuer can provide assistance in a safe environment and that the safety of the casualty and bystanders is ensured. Control measures could include:


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3.2.1.4 Review and Monitoring Monitoring and review are an important part of the risk management process and should be planned for at every stage. Monitoring and review involves regular surveillance and checking, and responsibilities concerning it should be clearly defined. It is important that the results of monitoring and review are recorded and reported according to organisational policies and procedures. Keeping records is important as they can help ensure that any risk management activities are traceable. Records also provide a basis for improving methods and tools in the risk management process, as well as enhancing the overall process.

4. General principles of low voltage rescue In the event of any incident occurring on the worksite that requires emergency rescue protocols to be applied, it is important that all staff on the worksite are trained to adhere to the following action plan: D

DANGER – ensure that the area is safe for yourself, others and the patient; move the patient away from any risks using appropriate safety equipment and relocation methods R RESPONSE – check the response – ask the patients name – and make them comfortable S SEND for help – call the first aid officer/your supervisor and advise of incident and call emergency services A AIRWAY – open mouth – check for airway blockages; clear and put patient in recovery position B BREATHING – check for breathing – look, listen, feel C R – start R and continue will help arrives D DEFRIBRILLATION – apply defibrillator if available and follow voice prompts


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The main objective of low voltage rescue is to remove the victim from the situation as promptly as possible, ensuring their safety as well as your own. The general principles of low voltage rescue involve the following: All measures to ensure the safety of the person performing live electrical work should be undertaken, including risk assessment procedures. All obligations of the employer and employee should have been fulfilled. In the event of an accident or incident rescue, general principles should be applied, including: Keeping outside the minimum safe approach distance of 500mm. Safe use of a fire blanket as necessary. Prompt isolation of the electricity at the appropriate point of isolation using lock out/tag out. Safety procedures for the rescuer. Rescue of the victim safely using the rescue kit. Removal of the victim from the danger area. Treatment of the victim as necessary. Notification of appropriate authorities. Make sure that you are familiar with the general principles of low voltage work and rescue, including the appropriate procedures and precautions that must be applied.

4.1 Use and maintenance of the rescue kit It is essential that you are familiar with the equipment contained in the rescue kit, as well as being competent in the use of every item.

4.1.1 The rescue kit The rescue kit container is generally either a toolbox type plastic/fibreglass box or a soft pack bag with a shoulder strap for carrying. The dimensions of the pack are generally 500mm x 100mm x 200mm. The container should be nonconductive, orange in colour and clearly identified as a Low Voltage (LV) Rescue Kit.


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Inside the kit should be the standard low voltage rescue equipment applicable to the workplace. It is important that workplaces ensure that the rescue kit contains equipment that is suitable for the rescue based on the type of work that is being carried out. Generally, the rescue kit will contain: A non-conductive torch. An isolation label to identify the main isolation point (or points) in an emergency. Electrically tested insulated rubber gloves. A non-conductive crook. Burn dressings. A fibreglass fire blanket. A suitable harness or lifting equipment You will need correct training in the use of all of the rescue kit through attending first aid training and/or specific training on the different equipment In order to use the rescue kit correctly when performing low voltage rescue operations, you need to keep your skills up-todate with accepted and current industry practices and workplace procedures. These will be demonstrated and practised within the workplace environment to ensure safe use. Use of a non-conductive crook has specific safety requirements and use, for example: in the event of a worker being electrocuted, if the electrical supply cannot be isolated straight away, the rescuer must don insulated gloves and pick up the insulated crook. Put two hands on the crook, stand out of the line of fire, place crook under armpit and remove casualty as hard and as fast as you can be maintaining your 500mm safety distance approach. 4.1.1.1 Locating the safety rescue kit for use It is the safety observer’s responsibility to ensure that the safety rescue kit is brought to the work area. The safety rescue kit must be located in a suitable position, easily accessible to safety observer in the work area. It must be visible at all times.

4.1.2 Using The Fire Blanket Fire blankets are important pieces of equipment in a low voltage recue kit. They are used to smother and eliminate flames and to minimise burns to the victim. Fire blankets are made of non-flammable material such as fibreglass and must not be able to conduct electricity. After the electricity has been isolated and it is safe to approach the victim, extinguish the flames using the fire blanket:  Ensuring that you protect your forearms.  Smother the flames from the victim’s head towards their feet as this minimises the risk of burns to the face and airways.  Pat the body down and try to extinguish any clothing that may have caught alight. It is important to work quickly but methodically so that burns on the victim can be minimised.


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4.2 Maintenance of the rescue equipment You should be familiar with all items in the rescue kit, as well as their maintenance requirements. All rescue kit equipment must be checked prior to commencement of work to make sure that all items are present and in good condition. Poorly maintained kits can potentially put someone’s life at risk. Items that require testing and tagging should be reviewed in line with the manufacturers’ specifications and legislative requirements. This may include: Air testing insulated gloves and checking the test tag. Checking the test tag on the insulated crook and looking for visible defects.

Other maintenance procedures may include: Checking and replacing torch batteries regularly. Cleaning, checking and returning equipment to the kit after use. Clean non-conductive crook from any contaminants Roll up gloves Replacing consumables immediately after use. Checking that the contents of the rescue kit match the contents list. Making sure the rescue kit is placed in a suitable location accessible to the work area prior to commencement of work. Your organisation will have specific procedures for maintaining low voltage rescue kits. If you are unsure, speak with your supervisor.


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5. Low voltage rescue procedures Once a low voltage accident or incident has occurred, you will need to rescue the victim as quickly as possible and then provide treatment as necessary. This must be done without placing yourself or the victim in further danger.

The following steps form the general procedures and precautions to be taken during a low voltage rescue: 1. Don the insulated gloves. 2. Remove the crook and torch from the rescue kit. 3. Check for any dangers to victim and self – use the torch to help you see any risks or hazards. 4. Isolate the electrical supply, which is identified by the isolation label.

5. Remove the casualty form the electrical supply using the crook – do not touch them as they may still be electrified. 6. If the casualty’s clothing is on fire or smouldering use the fire blanket to extinguish the fire. Start at their head and move down the body. 7. Remove the victim to a safe place using the one man drag method and check for signs of life. 8. Emergency services must be notified as soon as the victim has been moved to a safe location, electrical and or burns to the victim has been identified and these incidents require mandatory medical assistance. Emergency services will require the following information:  Name  Location  How many  Nature of incident  What you are doing? 9. Follow the DRS ABCD method to determine if R needs to be performed and follow the directions of the emergency operator. 10. Stay with the casualty until ambulance personnel arrive.


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5.1 Removing the victim 5.1.1 Required equipment Crook You will need to move the victim away from the source of low voltage electricity using the equipment contained in the rescue kit. The victim may be unconscious. The removal process will commonly involve donning the insulated gloves, and using the non-conductive crook. The non-conductive crook is used to catch the casualty and pull them from the voltage source. This is done only when there is no danger to yourself or others. Once you have removed the victim from the source of the voltage, you will need to place them in an area that is clear and safe. A quick risk assessment of the area will have determined a safe and appropriate space for removal. Insulted Gloves The insulated rubber gloves are used to protect your hands from electric shock during ing in the live LV . You will need to put isolated rubber gloves on before using a non-conductive crook to move a victim from electricity, reducing the risk of yourself getting an electrical shock. Non-conductive torch The non-conductive torch is used for you to see through the darkness if the electricity went off, use a torch to find an injured victim. It is reducing the risk for yourself and the victim to use the torch so you can see if there have any hazards and risks. The burn dressing is used to cover the victim’s burnt skins to protect from infection.


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5.2 One-man drag method The one-man drag method is commonly used to move the victim to an area that is clear and safe where the safety of the rescuer or victim would be jeopardised if the victim was left in their current location. Common steps in conducting the one-man drag are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Crouch down behind casualty Elbows on knees Place hands under casualty’s arm pits Keep back straight and walk/drag backwards

Note: it is important to the rescuer when performing the one-man drag to avoid injuring their back by not using the correct lifting techniques. Movement of the victim must always be completed in accordance with the injury management procedures for your site and first aid management procedures.

6. Treatment of victims Victims of low voltage electrocution will need to be treated and resuscitated once they are removed to a safe area. They will also have to be monitored closely until medical assistance arrives. The procedures for treatment of injuries and resuscitation should be applied in accordance with first aid management principles and ARC guidelines. While you wait for medical assistance to arrive you may be required to treat injuries such as burns and bleeding. You will also need to continually monitor the victim’s condition and reassure and calm the person.

6.1 General Burns General burns should be treated using the following steps: Flood the burnt area with cold water. If possible, gently remove rings, watches, belts and tight clothing from the burnt area before it starts to swell. Unwrap the sterile non-stick burns dressing from the rescue kit and cover the burnt area. Continue to use cold water to wet the dressing and burnt areas. Monitor the victim’s skin temperature so that you don’t overcool the person. LG.195 - V1.2 (UETTDRRF06B Learner Guide) Uncontrolled When Printed

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When treating general burns try to avoid touching or contaminating the dressing if it is to come into with the burnt area, and avoid skin-to-skin .

Major burns may need to be treated during the resuscitation process.

6.2 Flash burns Flash burns most commonly affect the eyes. They result from the effects of heat and light waves on the superficial layers of the eyes, and can be extremely painful. Flash burns are very serious and must be treated immediately, before the arrival of medical assistance. Treatment includes: Closing both eyes of the victim. Covering both eyes with pads and bandages (if available).

6.3 Airway burns Burns to the face and upper body may indicate that the victim has sustained airway burns. These burns are very serious because swelling of burned tissues may result in airway obstruction. The primary treatment for airway burns is hospitalisation. You must monitor the victim constantly, and attempt to keep the airways clear until the ambulance arrives. It may also be necessary to commence resuscitation.

6.4 Electrical burns Common signs and symptoms of electrical burns include: Breathing difficulty. Unconsciousness. Semi-consciousness – dazed, confused behaviour.


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Obvious/visible burns on the skin – often on hands, feet and/or where the current entered and exited the body. Absent/weak/irregular pulse. Signs/symptoms of shock. First aid treatment for electrical burns involves: If the patient is conscious: Ensure an ambulance has been called. Monitor for signs of shock and treat accordingly. Treat burns (as for general burns). Continue to monitor the airway, breathing and circulation/vital signs. If the patient is drowsy or unconscious: Ensure an ambulance has been called. Place the person in the recovery position. Clear the airway and check for breathing, following DRS ABCD Basic Life process. Monitor for signs of shock and treat accordingly. Treat burns (as for general burns). Continue to monitor the airway, breathing and circulation/vital signs.

6.5 Bleeding External bleeding (or haemorrhaging) is easy to identify but may be life-threatening if there is blood spurting from the wound or if the blood fails to clot after reasonable measures are taken to control it. Most bleeding encountered will be minor and will stop within about 10 minutes when the blood clots. Bleeding is managed through the application of pressure and bandaging in accordance with your first aid training, depending upon whether there is a foreign object embedded in the wound. Always to take precautions to avoid direct with the victim’s blood and bodily fluids.


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The following table details the procedures required to control bleeding: If no foreign object: Using a sterile dressing pad, ask the person to press directly on the wound. If no sterile dressing is available, use an improvised dressing, e.g. handkerchief, towel. If these are not available the person should use their hand (last resort). If a broken bone is not suspected, elevate the injured area above the level of the heart. Have the person rest comfortably. Apply a pressure bandage to hold the dressing in place – a triangle bandage or roller bandage is best for this. Immobilise the injured part using an appropriate body splint/slinging method. IF BLEEDING CONTINUES: Apply a second dressing pad over the first and a firmer bandage over the top of all.

If foreign object present: Leave the object in the wound – it may be controlling the bleeding. Using sterile dressings, build up dressings around the wound, finishing above the object’s height if possible. Secure the dressings in place with a roller bandage, wrapping diagonally above and below the object and lightly over the object. If the object is large and protruding above the dressings, bandage firmly all around the object but DO NOT bandage over the object. Protect from further damage. Continue to monitor the person’s airway, breathing and circulation. Call an ambulance (000 or 112). Monitor for shock or deteriorating condition.

If unconscious: Follow DRS ABCD Basic Life process. Call 000 or 112 and follow emergency personnel instructions.

DO NOT disturb dressings once bleeding stops/is controlled.

IF SIGNIFICANT BLEEDING CONTINUES: Remove all bandaging and check for a missed bleeding site. Reapply a dressing and bandages in a more appropriate manner. Continue to monitor the person’s airway, breathing and circulation. Call an ambulance (000 or 112) if necessary. Monitor for shock or deteriorating condition. DO NOT disturb dressings once bleeding stops/is controlled.


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When managing bleeding it is important to monitor the injured area and loosen the bandage if the victim says their fingers or toes feel numb, tingling or painful.

7. Securing the incident scene After completing the rescue, you must ensure the safety of all personnel during the removal and treatment of the injured person, placing signage and barricades or safety spotters if required to maintain integrity of accident site and preserve the evidence to be used in an investigation.

These barricades could involve: Portable fencing. Road barricades and barrier boards. People on the scene. Ad-hoc materials found on the site such as other vehicles, fences, gates and other ‘found’ items. Emergency response procedures may require you to erect a cordon. This involves erecting purpose-designed tape around the whole area, plus an additional 10 to 20 metres, but follow your organisation’s requirements for the exact dimensions. At no point should the area be left unattended until it has been cleared for return to work by the proper authorities. Once the area has been secured and all hazards controlled it is safe to leave the site. Investigations could take days.


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8. Reporting Procedures Reporting procedures and the person you would report to would be determined by the level of injury who the report was sent to, as well as an event where the workplace was negligent in providing safe working conditions. The following will provide a guide: Your supervisor. Emergency services (e.g. police, ambulance or medical professional, fire brigade and emergency rescue). Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS) regulatory authority (e.g. WorkSafe, WorkCover). When reporting accidents/incidents ask your OHS/WHS representative or supervisor for the correct procedure relating to completing forms and on what basic this should be done. Where the information can be sourced from. Accident/Incident forms An incident report form, records details of an accident, injury, workplace incident, security breach, or any other type of unforeseen event. Proper reporting helps correct the current incident and prevent future incidents like it. Although not conclusive, this form will normally contain the following information:  Location of the incident  Patient’s name  Location/nature of the injuries  Description of the incident  Remedial action taken for the patient – first aid  Isolation of the faulty/live equjpiment involved in the incident Notifying emergency services or a medical professional When calling emergency services or a medical professional, dial 000 (or 112 from a mobile phone) and let the operator know the following details: Where the emergency is. What has happened. What is being done to resolve the emergency. Workplace access details. Your name. Do not hang up the phone until you have been given instructions on how to proceed. In the case of environmental emergencies, you will need to talk to your supervisor who will the EPA or other relevant regulatory body.


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Rescue Procedures


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