Grade 9 Chs Lm Module 452t4x

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, , and <Scroll Lock> indicators on the upper-right corner of the keyboard. After all three indicators flash momentarily, and following a long pause (approximately 30 seconds), the Num Lock indicator should light up and remain on (unless the Num Lock option is set to Off in the System Setup program). Do these indicators flash on and off within approximately 10 seconds after the boot routine starts? o o

Yes. Proceed to step 4. No. Troubleshoot the system power supply. If the troubleshooting procedure indicates that the system power supply is operational, troubleshoot the memory.

4. During the boot routine, observe the system for any of the following indications: o

Beep codes — A beep code is a series of beeps that indicates an error condition.

o

System error messages — these messages can indicate problems or provide status information.

o

Diskette-drive and hard-disk drive access indicators — These indicators light up in response to data being transferred to or from the drives. If either of these indicators fails to light up during the boot routine, troubleshoot the diskette drive or harddisk drive subsystem, as appropriate.

5. Observe the monitor screen for the Diagnostics menu.

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Internal Visual Inspection NOTICE: Before you proceed with the internal visual inspection described in this section, ensure that the has saved all open files and exited all open application programs if possible. A simple visual inspection of a computer’s interior hardware can often lead to the source of a problem, such as a loose expansion card, cable connector, or mounting screw. To perform the internal visual inspection, perform the following steps: 1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and disconnect all the AC power cables from electrical outlets. CAUTION: Before beginning to work inside the computer, disconnect the power supply from the power source and the power supply cables from the power supply.

2. Remove the computer’s right side cover.

CAUTION: The heat sink assembly can get extremely hot during system operations. Be sure that it has had sufficient time to cool before touching it. CAUTION: When handling the heat sink assembly, take care to avoid sharp edges on the heat sink. 3. that the chips, expansion cards, and SEC cartridge and heat sink assembly or assemblies are fully seated in their sockets or connectors.

4. To ensure that the chips are fully seated in their sockets, press firmly on the top of each chip. 5. that all jumpers are set correctly. 6. Check all cable connectors inside the computer to that they are firmly attached to their appropriate connectors. 7. Reinstall the computer cover. 8. Reconnect the computer and any attached peripherals to their power sources, and turn them on.

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Suppose that you are in the workshop carrying out hardware installations, the owner are very impressed with you. There has been a lot of telephone time spent recently explaining to customers how to test installed components of their computer systems. The shop has decided to create their own video that will be ed to the website and YouTube. You have been asked to create this video. 1. Create

a video to demonstrate how to install the hardware components. Make sure you include everything you need to doto work safely. 2. Show how to configure any device installed in the computer. 3. Create another video on the following: a. Undertake final inspection on the assembled computer system for functionality. This will be o test that the newly installed hardware components work without problems; b. Accomplish technical reports on the tests conducted; and c. Follow procedures in forwarding documentation to appropriate personnel or authority

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Test I. Identification Direction: Identify the being described in the following sentences. 1. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use. 2. They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. 3. They are also called mid-range systems or workstations. 4. A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it. 5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. 6. A type of computer which is intended be used on a single location. 7. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. 8. Computers that have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers. 9. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. 10. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health. 11. It is considered as the most important program that runs on a computer. 12. It is composed of a device that accepts data and instructions from the or from another computer system. 13. Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered. 14. Any apparatus for recording computer data in a permanent or semi-permanent form. 15. It protects a computer network from unauthorized access. 16. Type of network that connect larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the United States, or the world. 17. This is an internetworking system capable of ing together two networks that use different base protocols. 18. It is consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. 19. It is a small, simple, inexpensive device that s multiple computers together. 20. A device filters data traffic at a network boundary.

Test II. True or false Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE otherwise. 1. Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer (except when working on monitors) 2. Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any powered peripherals while you are working on it. clvi

3. Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand before you touch anything inside. Do this even if you are wearing an anti-static wristband. 4. Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (nonmetallic) edge. Don't touch the pins or other connectors. 5. Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power Supply that incorporates surge and spike protection

6. Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer. 7. Whenever you purchase software or hardware for your computer, you should first make sure your computer s the system requirements. 8. The speed of a computer's processor chip (technically known as its "clock speed") in measured in gigahertz (GHz). 9. A computer's graphics system determines how well it can work with visual output. 10. Today 40GB is an absolute minimum hard drive size for a new computer running Windows 7. 11. When attaching cables, never force a connection. 12. BIOS instruct the computer on how to perform a number of basic functions such as booting and keyboard control. 13. The external visual inspection consists of a quick inspection of the interior of the computer. 14. Disk management tools help detect and correct disk errors. 15. The most basic test is to switch the system on to check it starts without errors.

Test III. Multiple Choices Direction: Read each questions carefully and write the letter of the best answer. 1. These are small software programs that help the operating system use the device. a. Installer c. Driver b. Application d. BIOS 2. Which of the following is software shared on a small memory chip on the motherboard? a. Installer c. driver b. Application d. BIOS 3. It is the way to set up a system or the assortment of components that make up the system. a. Configuration c. Driver b. Set up d. Installation 4. Which of the following is not a Windows XP minimum requirement? a. 128MB RAM or higher

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b. c. d.

CD- ROM or DVD ROM Lower resolution monitor 4.3 GB hard disk space or more

5. If you see a message to press any key to boot the CD and you fail to do so, what do you think will happen? a. The computer will restart b. Set up inspecting your system will appear c. It will be prompted to BIOS setup d. It will return to boot menu 6. What key should you press if you need to install any third- party or RAID drivers? a. F2 c. F9 b. F6 d. F12 7. Where do we typically install the operating system? a. Drive C b. DVD c. External Drive d. Floppy Drive 8. Suppose that you will install Windows XP on a system with more than one partition, what important process should be done? a. Change the file system b. Delete the data and files on the different partition c. Examine the partition d. Format the correct partition 9. What file system is usually used during installation? a. FAT b. FAT32 c. NTFS d. NTFS32 10. Which of the following is a connector on the back of a computer or other device? a. Modem b. Port hub c. Router d. Network Gateway

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Test IV. Matching Type Direction: Match column A with Column B and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 11. 12.

A.

1) It serves as the brain of computer. 13. 2) Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a 14. peripheral device 3) Also called read/write memory 15. 4) Small portable disk drive usually used for backing up files 16. 5) Main board of a computer 6) Also 17. called diskette 7) Acts as a pointing device 8) Device that makes sounds, clips and any audio 18. materials be heard. 19. 9) Component that reads and record data in CDs and DVDs. 10) It20. is a visual device that displays the information 11) Plug- and play portable storage device 21. text and illustrations in paper 12) Prints 13) Converts AC into DC 22. 14) Allows more than one program to run concurrently 15) Handheld computer

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) q)

B. Adapter CD- ROM U Flash Drive Floppy disk Microphone Monitor Motherboard Mouse Multitasking Optical Discs PDA Power supply Printer RAM ROM

r) Speaker s) Tablet t) Zip Drive

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SKILLS TEST Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain in order to render quality service when you enter the real world of Computer Hardware Servicing. Read the skills carefully. Write “YES” if you are familiar with the skill and “NO” if not. Feel free to answer each skill. Write your answers in your notebook. Skills in Computer Hardware Servicing

YES

NO

I can open a computer case. I can connect the mouse. I can connect the keyboard. I can connect the monitor. I can apply occupational health and safety precautions while working. I can remove the system fan. I can detach the power supply from the system unit. I know how to remove the RAM from the motherboard. I can remove the hard drive from the system unit. I can install the power supply. I know how to install the motherboard. I can install the internal drives in a system unit. I know how to attach RAM in the memory socket. I can install CD / DVD drives. I know how to install an operating system I know how to configure a hardware components I know the procedures in inspecting operating systems and software components

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Books and Articles and Printed Materials: Barry Press, Marcia Press, “PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition”., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

Ron Gilster, “PC Repair Bench Book”., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

Barry Press, Marcia Press, “PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition”., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256 Ronaldo V. Ramilo And Deover M. Pasco “K to 12 Basic Education CurriculumTechnology and Livelihood Education Learning Module –Computer Hardware Serviciing” Marigen N. Leosala, Bobby P. Caoagdan, Ronaldo V. Ramilo, and Rosalie P. Lujero “Technology and Livelihood Education- Information and Communications Technology Learners Manual – Grade 7 & 8”

Efraim Turban, R. Kelly Rainer Jr., Richarrd Potter “Introduction to Information Technology” 3rd Edition- 2005 at Rosewood Drive, Denver, John Wisley and Sons(Asia) Pte. Ltd

Electronic Resources: “Computer Memory Types” Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/computer-memory-types.html “Measurements for Memory & Storage” Retrieved from http://www.athropolis.com/popup/c-comp2.htm “Fundamentals of PC repair” Retrieved from http://www.ustudy.in/ce/hard/u1

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“Occupational Health and Safety Precautions” Retrieved from http://danreb.com/sites/default/files/CHS-NC2%20Reviewer%20%20With%20Oral%20Questioning_0.pdf “Puzzles for Activities” Retrieved from http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCrossSetupForm.asp “Occupational Safety Precautions” Retrieved from http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture%20Slides/ITE _PC_v40_Chapter2.pdf “Computer Hardware Basics” Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N7bqBsFL0w“How to install Computer Hardware” Retrieved from http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Computer-Hardware“How to install Computer components” Retrieved from http://www.directron.com/howtoupsys.html“Tool Selection” Retrieved from http://www.bechtel.com/assets/files/Environmental/ToolboxSafetyTopic s/20 /10/ProperToolSelection.pdf “PC Assembly” Retrieved from http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/assessmentfutures/deg/assembling.html “Computer Basics” Retrieved from http://www.instructables.com/id/Disassemble-a-Computer/“PC Hardware, Networking ,Operating Systems and Troubleshooting” Retrieved from www.professormesser.com-

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Adapters- These are printed-circuit boards that enables the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. Analog Computers- It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy. Bridge is a device filters data traffic at a network boundary Digital Computers- They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1 Digital multimeter is a device that can take many types of measurements. It tests the integrity Drivers- are small software programs that help the operating system use or “drive” the device Ethernet switch is a device that gathers the signals from devices that are connected to it Hard disk drive- Is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. Hardware-These are the tangible component of a computer system. Hazard-Is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. Hub- is a small, simple, inexpensive device that s multiple computers together Hybrid Computers- a combination of both digital and analog computers

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Loopback adapter- is also called a loopback plug, tests the basic functionality of computer ports Mainframe Computers- these are computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers Microcomputers- A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it is known as a microcomputer Minicomputers- are also called mid-range systems or workstations Motherboard- is the main circuit board of a computer containing all the essential parts of a PC. Network firewall - protects a computer network from unauthorized access Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)- is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop Smart board - Type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent covering the screen. Static electricity - is an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body. Servers- They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network

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ATA- Advance Technology Attachment BIOS- Basic Input Output System CD- Compact Disc CHS- Computer Hardware Servicing CRT- Cathode Ray Tube ESD- Electro Static Discharge DVD- Digital Versatile Disc FAT- File Allocation Table GB- Giga Byte HDD- Hard Disk Drive LAN- Local Area Networking LCD- Liquid Crystal Display LED- Light Emitting Diode MB- Mega Byte NTFS- New Technology File System OHS- Occupational Health and Safety

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OS- Operating System PDA- Personal Digital Assistant PPE- Personal Protective Equipment RAM- Random Access Memory ROM- Read Only Memory SATA- Serial Advance Technology Attachment USB- Universal Serial Bus WAN- Wide Area Network VGA- Video Graphic Array

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MODULE 4:

DIAGNOSE AND TROUBLESHOOT COMPUTER SYSTEMS (DT) Content Standard

Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding of the underlying concepts and principles on diagnosing and troubleshooting of computer systems.

The learner independently diagnoses and troubleshoots computer systems as prescribed in the TESDA Training Regulation.

Number of Sessions (Time Allotment): 60 hrs.

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In this module, there will be four (4) major topics that you will encounter: (1) be plan and prepare diagnosis of computer system errors; (2) diagnose and configure computer systems and networks; (3) inspect and test the configured computer systems and networks; and (4) test systems and networks. The four major topics contains sub-topics which all leads to diagnose and troubleshoot computer systems. This module contains what to KNOW, what to PROCESS, what to REFLECT and UNDERSTAND as well as what to TRANSFER. The competencies for this module are: LO 1. Plan and prepare for diagnosis of computer systems errors  Follow OHS procedures in planning and preparing diagnosis of computer systems errors  Determine the computer systems errors using manual and software diagnosis LO 2. Diagnose and configure computer systems and networks  Follow OHS procedures in planning and preparing diagnosis of computer systems and network errors  Identify the diagnosed computer systems and network errors based on the job requirements  Configure computer systems and networks LO 3. Inspect and test the configured computer systems and networks       

Follow OHS procedures in inspecting and testing configured computer systems and networks Inspect configured computer systems and networks Replace defective components Reinstall defective computer systems Identify network errors Repair network errors based on standard procedures Test the configured computer systems and networks

LO 4. Test Systems and Networks 

Follow OHS procedures in testing systems and networks



Test computer systems and networks in accordance with the job requirements Accomplish technical reports on the tests conducted



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In order to master the above listed competencies, you must be knowledgeable of the topics under what to KNOW, perform activities required under what to PROCESS, accomplish additional meaningful tasks under what to REFLECT and UNDERSTAND and finally show some evidences of your learning by transferring what you have learned in a different context under what to TRANSFER.

You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and previous experiences about computer hardware servicing. Instruction:  

Read each of the statements in the left-hand column of the chart. Place a check on the column that indicates your answers.

Knowledgeable

Have a No Little Knowledge Knowledge at All

Plan and prepare work to ensure occupational health and safety (OHS) policies and procedures are followed Obtain materials, tools, equipment and testing devices needed to conform with job requirements Interpret work instructions according to job requirements Obtain computer components/devices/systems and determines its location prior to installation Install equipment/devices/systems in accordance with job requirements Check/Test devices/systems and/or installations to determine the conformity to job requirements. Check computer systems and networks for configuration in accordance with specifications clxix

and requirements Diagnose fault or problem in the computer systems and networks in line with standard operating procedures (SOP) Configure the identified systems and networks based on specifications and job requirements Inspect and test configured computer systems and networks in conformity with manufacturer's instructions/manual Correct/adjust components or parts of computer systems and networks in accordance with job requirements Test computer systems and networks to ensure safe operation Perform scheduled/periodic maintenance in accordance with manufacturer's requirements Make needed repairs/replacements in accordance with established procedures, when necessary Document tasks undertaken in accordance with SOP Clean and clear worksite of all surplus/excess materials in accordance with company SOP

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LESSON 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS ERRORS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Personal Protective Equipment Proper preparation is the key to a successful work. Before you begin, make sure that you have the tools you will need, and secure a clear well-lit workplace. Gather all the components you’ll be using and unpack them at the same time. Always keep in mind that personal protection is one of the traits of a good computer technician. Types of personal protective devices 1. Anti-static devices 2. Power surge protectors 3. Personal equipment Anti-static devices Devices designed to protect the computer from static electricity.

Source: www.desktopreality.com

Anti-static Wrist Strap


Anti-static Mat

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Source: www.rapidonline.com

Anti-static Bag

Anti-static Spray

Power surge protectors Devices designed to protect the computer from sudden power surges from intermittent power sources. Examples: 1. AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator)

Source: www.neopower.com

2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

Source: www.amazon.co.uk

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Personal Equipment

small paint brush

screw drivers

pliers and tweezers

compressed air

handheld vacuum

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Directions: Perform the activity below.  

Choose a partner Do a simulation exercise o One will act out the role of a computer teacher. o The other will be the student Situation: Computer teacher will show/demonstrate to the students the Personal Protective Devices, what they are and how they are used. The Student keeps on asking about the Personal Protective Devices/Equipment and how they can be maintained in good condition of PC.

Answer the following questions in your own answer/test notebook. 1. What personal protective devices do people who always works (do troubleshooting) with computers commonly use? How often do they use them? 2. Computers should be protected from static electricity to prevent component malfunction. What anti-static devices can you utilize to avoid such malfunction?

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TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM ERROR There are several errors in a computer from the point you open it upto the point you reach the stand by window (reaching standby windows means boot process has no error). Below is a list of computer errors. 1. No Video Output - When you open your PC, nothing shows up in your monitor and the LED indicator of your monitor is flashing in yellow color. 2. No Video Output - Same as number one but now the LED indicator of your monitor is in steady orange color. 3. Doesn't Boot - When you open your PC it will show the processor’s brand and/or the motherboard’s brand but doesn't continue. Usually this error will result to system restart over and over again. 4. Never Ending Loading of Operating system - The computer opens up then boots but when the operating system loads it, doesn't continue and it will take a longtime if you're going to wait for it to load. 5. Lots of pop up windows showing on standby mode - This also happens even if you try disconnecting your computer set from the internet. This is what we called aftershock virus which will continue to run even if internet is disconnected. 6. Lots of hardware installation windows appear - This happens even if you try installing the hardware. When you restart your set it will happen again. 7. Safe mode doesn't work - When you try going to safe mode, all you will see is a list of files in Command prompt style. 8. Keyboard and mouse system restart - This will happen only in standby mode, when you move your mouse or type something, your system will automatically restart and the worst part is it will delete a file at random. 9. Sound on/off error - Upon loading the operating system, you will hear a loading sound and then the sound stops, when you try running an audio file, no sound will be heard. clxxv

10. Application causes system to restart - Just like the mouse problem, when you open a program that will take the whole screen like for example a game and/or a program applications, when you close it, it will cause your system to restart. Aside from the common computer errors, computers also can have different Operating System (OS) errors. OS errors can be classified into various categories such as: 1. System errors – These are moderately dangerous types of errors among those that can pop up on your PC. System errors are caused by malfunctioning hardware components, corrupted operating system modules, etc. 2. Runtime errors – Runtime errors are caused by corrupted or malfunctioning system files or software executables. Most runtime errors cause the application that caused it to shut down. However, more serious runtime errors may cause the system to become unstable or unresponsive, suggesting that you should restart your computer. 3. Stop errors – Stop errors are caused by corrupted hardware, especially malfunctioning RAM modules and bad sectors on hard disks. Stop errors can be difficult to resolve at times. 4. Device Manager Errors – These are usually caused by corrupted driver files or malfunctioning hardware components. In case of the former cause, the problem is often solved by reinstalling or updating the drivers. However, the latter cause can often be solved only by replacing hardware components. 5. POST code errors – POST code errors are caused by malfunctioning hardware components, and are characterized by short beep sounds from the tiny internal speaker of your motherboard. POST code errors occur when you press the power button to turn on your PC. 6. Application errors – These can happen at any point of time. As the name suggests, these are caused by applications while those are running. These are commonly caused by glitches in the program code itself. These are normally resolved by updating the program to its latest version. 7. Browser Status Codes – These are caused by problems faced by browsers when trying to access a website. These can be caused by misplaced web pages in the server of the website itself, or due to

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connection problems. For instance, a 404 error would indicate that the browser is trying to access a webpage that does not exist in the specified location.

DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS PC Diagnosing Probably the most frustrating problem computer s run into are startup problems, where your computer won’t boot. Equally annoying are error messages you constantly run into during your computer’s startup process. In this module, you will be given a few tips on how you can avoid some of the most common problems that happen right after your computer is turned on. Here you will learn the basic troubleshooting. 







 

Trial and error: When you find a faulty component in your computer, check it with the other computers so that you can make sure whether the fault is in the component or not. Check cables: In case of any device failure, check all the cables of your computer such as data cables, power cable, internal circuitry cable and make sure that all these are plugged in and working fine. Hardware settings: Check the hardware settings in the CMOS and in the device manager of the system and make all the device drivers up to date and all the cards are plugged in properly. Notice changes: When you notice a software or hardware error in your computer, determine what was changed before the problem occurred. Event viewer: In the event viewer, you will find the error or warning messages associated with any faulty hardware or software. Make notes: Troubleshooting is a useful skill and we can learn a lot when we face any kind of troubleshooting in our computer. Make notes including the error messages and their solutions, so that you have a record on how a certain problem occurred and how did you solve it.

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Common PC Problems and Solutions You are working away at your computer when suddenly, an error message – or worse, your computer comes to a screeching halt. Here are the common computer problems and solutions that can help you. Steps 1. Check the POST. POST stands for Power On Self-Test. This is generally the first or second thing that appears on a computer after turning on the power. This appears before the operating system begins to load. The POST will display any problem found with the hardware that makes the computer unable to boot. POST may also display problems with hardware that allow the computer to boot, but not operate at its full capacity during operation. 2. Notice the load time of the OS (operating system). A longer than usual load time may indicate errors in the hard drive. 3. Notice any graphics problems once the OS has loaded. Reduced graphics may indicate driver failures or hardware failures with graphic cards. 4. Perform an auditory test. An auditory test is a simple, but still effective way of judging how a computer is working. With the computer on and running, play any decent length audio file (usually above 30 sec.) If the audio is choppy or slow, it usually means that the processor is working at an elevated level, or there is not enough RAM to run all programs loading. Changing the startup sound is a great way to apply this test. Another issue associated with choppy sounds is PIO (Programmed Input/Output) Mode. This affects how the hard drive reads and writes data from a drive. Switching to Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows for faster reads and writes, and can sometimes repair choppy audio. 5. Check any newly installed hardware. Many operating systems, especially Windows, can have conflicts with new drivers. The driver may be badly written, or it may conflict with another process. Windows will usually notify you about devices that can cause or have any problem. To check this use the Device Manager, this can be accessed by entering the Control , clicking the System icon, clicking the Hardware tab, and clicking on Device Manager. Use this to check and arrange the properties of hardware.

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6. Check any newly installed software. Software may require more resources than the system can provide. Chances are that if a problem begins after software starts, the software is causing it. If the problem appears directly upon startup, it may be caused by software that starts automatically on boot. 7. Check RAM and U consumption. A common problem is a choppy or sluggish system. If a system is choppy it is good practice to see if a program is consuming more resources than the computer can provide. An easy way to check this is to use the Task Manager, right click on the taskbar select Task Manager, and click the Processes tab. The U column contains a number that indicates the percentage of U the process is consuming. The Memory Usage column indicates how much memory a process is consuming. 8. Listen to the computer, if the hard drive is scratching or making loud noises, shut off the computer and have a professional diagnose the hard drive. Listen to the U fan, this comes on a high speed when the U is working hard, and can tell you when the computer is working beyond its capacity. 9. Run a virus and malware scan. Performance problems can be caused by malware on the computer. Running a virus scan can find any problem. Use a commonly updated virus scanner (such as Norton Antivirus or Avast! Antivirus) 10. Check for the problem in safe mode. To enter safe mode, press F8 repeatedly during POST (this works on most systems). If the problem persists in safe mode, it is a fair bet that the operating system itself is to blame. Common Trouble shooting for Computer Units 1. Double check the power connections. 2. Voltage regulator and power supply could cause power failure in the computer unit. 3. Check the power cords and cable connectors in your computer unit. 4. Unseated card. Loose cards could cause malfunction. 5. Check the boot sequence configuration in the advance BIOS (Basic Input/Output Unit) setup.

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Diagnosing Network Connection Things to look for if a PC is connected to the internet or network:  First, check the cable connecting to the network card into the network hub.  Check the back of the computer to see if the network card light is on  Check the network cable (use cable tester)  Check the network hub (use multi-tester)

Identify the following: 1. Moderately dangerous types of errors that can pop up on your PC. 2. Caused by malfunctioning hardware components and characterized by short beep sounds from the tiny internal speaker of your motherboard. 3. They happen at any point of time. As the name suggests, these are caused by applications while those are running. 4. Usually caused by corrupted driver files or malfunctioning hardware components. 5. Caused by corrupted or malfunctioning system files or software executables. 6. Caused by corrupted hardware, especially malfunctioning RAM modules and bad sectors on hard disks. 7. Caused by problems faced by browsers when trying to access a website.

Task: Develop a Sample Diagnostic Plan List down all possible components to be checked based on the symptoms. Symptoms: Dead Computer Monitor

Good Defective Remedy

AC outlet AVR AVR fuse Monitor Power Cable Monitor Switch Power Supply

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Diagnosing a Computer Power Supply Create a diagnostic plan for troubleshooting a power supply with the use of the following tools, materials and equipment. You will be assessed using the following criteria: CRITERIA

ed

Failed

1. Sequence of steps in diagnosing is followed. 2. Safety precaution is observed. 3. Appropriate tools are used in diagnosing. 4. Diagnostic plan for troubleshooting is created. PERFORMANCE RATING

LESSON2: DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace. Every worker has the right to a healthy and safe work and to a work environment that enables them to live a socially and economically productive life. Safety practices should be learned early and must be followed when working with any electrical device including personal computers and peripherals.

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Personal safety while working with PC’s The following are some safety precautions to take before working with any computer devices:       

Before doing anything, listen to your teacher’s instruction to prevent accidents or any unwanted events that may occur on your workplace. Do not work on a computer when you are wet because you might get electrocuted. Do not remove internal devices of the computer when it is turned on. Avoid playing or running while inside the room. Always wear personal protective equipments (PPE) like coverall, shoes with rubber sole, anti-static wrist strap, etc. Ask for assistance from your teacher when it comes dealing with computer devices. Applying safety measures when handling tools and equipment are necessary to avoid certain damages.

The student is further expected to maintain good health, to be neat in personal appearance and to practice safe working procedures at all time with appropriate equipment.

Basic Concepts of Electricity This lesson will introduce you to the fundamental knowledge of electricity. It will equip the student with the basic knowledge in electricity.

Basic Electrical  Electricity

Is defined as the flow of electron or electric current. It is an invisible form of energy that can be transformed into other forms of energy like heat light and mechanical.

 Electron

Is the negatively charged component of an atom. It has the ability to flow.

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 Proton

Is the positively charged component of an atom. It has the ability to attract electron.

 Matter

Is anything that occupy space and has mass. It can be a solid, liquid or gas in state.

 Atom

Basic component of matter. It composes of a nucleus which is the central part, the protons and electrons.

 Current

Same as electricity or flow of electron. The amount of current flowing in a circuit can be measured in ampere (I).

 Voltage

The amount of pulling force that makes the electron flow. Also known as potential difference or EMF (electromotive force). The amount of voltage can be measured in volt (V).

 Resistance

Defined as the opposition to the flow of current. The amount of resistance can be measure in ohms (Ω).

Conductors and Insulators 

Conductors are materials that easily allow the flow of current, or it has a low resistance to current flow. Examples; aluminum, gold, silver, copper, iron



Insulators are materials that do not easily allow the flow of current, or it has a high resistance to current flow. Examples; rubber, plastic, paper

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Types of Current 1. Direct Current In direct current (DC), the flow of electric charge is only in one direction, the type of electricity produced by batteries, static, and lightning.A voltage is created and maybe stored until it is consumed when the current flows directly, in one direction. In the circuit, the current flows at a specific, constant voltage (this is oversimplified somewhat but good enough for our needs.) When you use a flashlight, pocket radio, portable CD player or virtually any other type of portable or battery-powered device, you are using direct current. Most DC circuits are relatively low in voltage; for example, your car's battery is approximately 12V, and that's about as high a DC voltage as most people ever use.

Source: www.electrostudy.com

Figure 1.Direct Current Figure 1 shows an ideal 12 V DC current. The voltage is considered positive because its potential is measured relative to ground or the zeropotential default state of the earth. Direct currents flow in one direction only and are constant in time. Their appearance is that of a straight line which does not vary. They are produced from power sources such as batteries, power supplies and DC generators. Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells also generate DC power.

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2. AC Alternating Current In alternating current (AC, also ac) the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. This type of electricity is produced or generated by AC generators commonly from a hydro electric plant. It is the commercial power that we use in homes and offices. Delivered through a power transmission lines.AC current can be reduced through the use of power transformer to suite for its application.It can also be converted to DC for a specific purpose. In the Philippines AC is rated as 220V AC at 60 Hz. Alternating currents change direction, flowing first one way and then the other. They are sinusoidal waves, so that they change in time. They are produced from sources such as power supplies and AC generators. In North America, AC is 120 volts and 60 hertz or cycles per second. This means it changes direction 60 times per second. In Europe, it is generally 50 hertz with 220 to 240 volts.

Source: www.electrostudy.com

Figure2. Alternating Current Why does standard electricity come only in the form of alternating current? There are a number of reasons, but one of the most important is that a characteristic of AC is that it is relatively easy to change voltages from one level to another using a transformer, while transformers do not work for DC. This capability allows the companies that generate and distribute electricity to do it in a more efficient manner, by transmitting it at high voltage for long lengths, which reduces energy loss due to the resistance in the transmission wires. Another reason is that it may be easier to mechanically generate alternating current electricity than direct current.

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PC’s use only direct current, which means that the alternating current provided by your utility must be converted to direct current before use. This is the primary function of your power supply.

AC POWER

PC’s PSU

DC POWER

MOTHERBOARD DRIVES COOLING FANS

Figure 3.Simplified block diagram of a PC power supply Electric Circuit Electric circuit - is the pathways for electricity to flow. Components of Circuit 

Load - commonly represented by a bulb or any electrical component that consumes electricity.



Supply - Commonly represented by a cell or a battery



Switch - an electrical device that opens or closed a circuit.

Figure4. A simple circuit

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Types of Circuit 1. Open Circuit - a type of circuit that has an open path for current to flow. It means that current cannot flow in open circuit.

-

+

Supply Load

Switch

Figure5. An open circuit The switch is said to be “OPEN” the current can’t flow into the circuit and the bulb is “OFF” 2. Closed Circuit - a type of circuit that has a closed path for current to flow. It means that current can flow in a closed circuit.

Load

-

+

Supply

Switch Figure6. A closed circuit

The switch is said to be “CLOSED” the current can’t flow into the circuit and the bulb is “ON”

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I. Identification: Direction: Identify the following statement. _________1.

Defined as the flow of electron or electric current. It is an invisible form of energy that can be transformed into other form of energy like heat light and mechanical.

_________2.

The negatively charge component of an atom. It has the ability to flow.

_________3.

Defined as the opposition to the flow of current. The amount of resistance can be measured in ohms (Ω).

_________4.

The positively charged component of an atom. It has the ability to attract electron.

_________5.

Anything that occupy space and has mass. It can be a solid, liquid or gas in state.

_________6.

Basic component of matter. It is composed of a nucleus which is the central part, the protons and electrons.

_________7.

Same as electricity or flow of electron. The amount of current flowing in a circuit can be measured in ampere (I).

_________8.

The amount of pulling force that makes the electron flow. Also known as potential difference or EMF (electromotive force). The amount of voltage can be measured in volt (V).

_________9.

Materials that easily allow the flow of current, or it has a low resistance to current flow.

_________10. Materials that do not easily allow the flow of current, or it has a high resistance to current flow.

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_________11. A computer power supply converts AC to ___________________. _________12. Define as the pathways for electricity to flow. _________13. A component of a circuit that is commonly represented by a bulb or any electrical component that consumes electricity. _________14. A component of a circuit that is commonly represented by a cell or a battery. _________15. An electrical device that opens or closed a circuit. _________16. A type of circuit that has a closed path for current to flow. It means that current can flow in this circuit. _________17. A type of circuit that has an open path for current to flow. It means that current cannot flow in this circuit. _________18. A circuit connection has only one path of current flow. In this circuit connection the current remain constant. _________19. A circuit connection that has 2 or more path of current. In this circuit the voltage remains constant. _________20. An invisible form of energy.

Techniques for diagnosing computer systems Computer Diagnosis Sometimes when the problem with a system is not totally apparent and intermittent, using a basic common diagnostic procedure may help determine what is wrong. This procedure has a number of steps that, if followed each time, can be of help.

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Rules in Diagnosing Computer System 1. Know the facts

2. 3.

4. 5.

 Educate one self on all aspects and operation of computer parts.  Continuous learning on computer technology. Use your common sense Focus on Field Replaceable Units  Identify the different types of FRU that can be used for replacement or subassembly. Proper assembly and disassembly Factors Causing Computer Failures and Defects

  

Peopleware Untrained personnel could have damaged programs in PC.

Firmware Programs or software burnt in chips may be corrupted.

Software Corrupted operating systems would cause the system to fail.



Hardware Defective hardware components would lead to computer malfunction. Hardware conflicts and viruses can hinder your computers performance.

ESD (Electro Static Discharge) Electro static discharge can easily damage sensitive components in yourcomputer. Electricity Incoming supply from AC outlet must be regulated; power surges can damage computer units. Problem Isolation Problem isolation is a detective work in which you need to determine what is out of the ordinary by making detailed observation of what is not working normally and record any information as you proceed. The information you will be able to gather will help diagnose your computer. You need to observe wisely. Look for any abnormalities in the unit, any change in smell or foreign smell, listen to all the sounds, and error codes.

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Component Isolation This section will aid in determining components in your system which are failing. First, most systems have 3 major components; monitor, system unit, and printers. Some have multiple external devices. To troubleshoot, you need to isolate major components which are failing to operate. Diagnostics Procedure for ATX Power Supply Failure 1. Determine whether or not the power comes on. 2. Check the switch operation with a Digital Volt Meter on the continuity or resistance setting. 3. Check the pins if the corresponding voltage are properly regulated to the motherboard. 4. Replace the power supply unit if defective.

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Flowchart for ATX Power Supply Repair Warning! You must unplug your ATX power supply from the wall before working inside the case.

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Things to Consider: There are many devices, parts, cords, and connections on a computer, which means that there are many possible problems that could arise. In addition, your computer uses a variety of software, which can also cause problems. However, no matter what the problem is, you can use the following tips to help you find a solution: 



Always check the cables: Many computer problems are related to an issue in the cables and connections. The easiest first step you can take to troubleshoot most problems is to check all related cables and connections. Isolate the problem: If possible, try to isolate the problem. For example, if you can't get the cursor to move on the screen, try to determine if the issue is with the mouse. If you have an extra mouse, you can alternate devices to see if the one plugged in is the issue, or use the arrow keys on the keyboard to help determine if the mouse is the source of the problem. When trying to isolate the problem, only make one change at a time.

Figure 7. An error message 



Take notes about error messages: If your computer gives you error messages, be sure to write down as much information as possible. If the basic troubleshooting steps don't work, you may need the information you have taken. the steps you've taken, or write them down: Once you start troubleshooting, you will want to what you have done, so you don't repeat yourself. If you can't it, then write it down. If you end up asking someone for help, it will be much easier if they know exactly which steps you've taken.

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Simple Solutions to Common Problems Most of the time, problems can be fixed by using simple troubleshooting techniques, such as closing and re-opening the program. It's important to try these simple solutions before resorting to more extreme measures. If the problem still isn't fixed, you can then try other troubleshooting techniques, such as reinstalling the software. Program Runs Slowly or Isn't Working Right  



If a program is running slowly or otherwise isn't working right, the first thing you should try is closing the program and re-opening it. You can also shut down your computer, wait a few seconds, and boot it up again. Some minor problems will work themselves out when you do this. Check with the company for any known problems or updates to the software.

Figure 8.Checking for updates Program is Completely Unresponsive 

If a program has become completely unresponsive, you can press (and hold) Control+Alt+Delete on your keyboard to open the Task Manager. You can then select the program that isn't working and click End Task. If you are using a Mac, you can press Option+Command+Esc to open a similar dialog box.

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Figure 9.The Task Manager Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

10.Resetting

Figure a surge protector 





If your computer does not start, begin by checking the power cord to confirm that it is plugged securely into the back of the computer case and the power outlet. If it is plugged into an outlet, make sure it is a working outlet. Often, this will require you to plug a lamp or other electrical device into the outlet to make sure it is receiving power. If the computer is plugged into a surge protector, that it is turned on. You may have to reset the surge protector by turning it off and then back on. You can also plug a lamp or other device into the surge protector to that it is on. cxcv



If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be charged. Plug the AC adapter into the wall and then try to turn on the laptop. If it still doesn't start up, you may need to wait a few minutes and then try again.

"Non-System Disk” or “Disk Error" Message If you get this message when you boot up your computer, it usually means there is a CD, DVD, USB flash drive, or floppy disk in your computer, which is interfering with your computer's booting process. Remove the disk from the drive and restart the computer.

Figure 11.The Non-System Disk or Disk Error Message Windows Shutting Down Message Will Not Disappear Sometimes Windows will freeze during the shutdown process. If this happens, the Windows is Shutting Down message screen will stay active on your screen. To finish shutting down the computer, press and hold the power button for about 10 seconds, or until the computer turns off.

Figure12.The Windows shutdown screen

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Computer Begins Randomly Rebooting or Crashing  

Check for overheating. Make sure the vents in the case are not blocked. Confirm that there is good air flow around the computer. Update your antivirus software and scan for viruses.

Figure13.Virus Scanning Problems with the Monitor and Speakers No Picture on the Monitor   

Confirm the computer is turned on. Check the brightness control, located on your monitor or your keyboard, and make sure it is not set too low. Check the connections for the monitor and surge protector, and make sure the surge protector is turned on.

Figure 14.Cable plugged into monitor cxcvii

Monitor Goes Blank Periodically 

You may have the screensaver enabled. If the screen saver is enabled, just move your mouse back and forth and your original screen will appear. You can change the screensaver settings by going to your Control (or your System Preferences if you're using a Mac).

Figure 15.Opening the Control No Sound

Figure 16.Adjusting the sound volume on a Mac 

 

Check the volume control on your computer. In Windows, the sound icon will usually be on the taskbar, and you can also access the sound options in the Control . On Macs, the sound options are found at the top of the screen or in System Preferences. Most media programs (such as iTunes or Windows Media Player) have a volume control, which will need to be turned up. Make sure the speakers are turned on, if using external speakers.

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



Make sure external speakers are connected to the correct audio port or a USB port. If your computer has color-coded ports, the audio output will usually be green. Connect headphones to the correct audio port and determine if sound is audible from the headphones.

Searching the web for a solution If you still haven't found a solution to your problem, you may need to ask someone else for help. Try searching the web for the problem that you're having, as other people may have had similar problems. Also, if you have a friend or family member who knows a lot about computers, they may be able to help you. Keep in mind that most computer problems have simple solutions, although it may take some time to find them. For very difficult problems, a more drastic solution may be required, such as reformatting your hard drive, reinstalling programs, or reinstalling your operating system. If you're not a computer expert, it's possible that you could make the situation worse, so it's best to consult a professional if you think a drastic solution is needed.

Task. Examining the Motherboard in Detail 1. Look at the back of your computer. Without opening the case, list the ports that you believe come directly from the motherboard. 2. Remove the cover of the case. List the different expansion cards in the expansion slots. Was your guess correct about which ports come from the motherboard? 3. To expose the motherboard so you can identify its parts, remove all the expansion cards. 4. Draw a diagram of the motherboard and label these parts: Processor (Include the prominent label on the processor housing.) a) RAM (each DIMM slot) b) CMOS battery c) Expansion slots (Identify the slots as PCI, PCIe x1, PCIe x4, PCIe x16, and AGP.) Each port coming directly from the motherboard Power supply connections, SATA or IDE drive connectors and floppy drive connector

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5. Draw a rectangle on the diagram to represent each bank of jumpers on the board. 6. What is the brand and model of the motherboard? 7. Locate the manufacturer’s Web site. If you can find the motherboard manual on the site, it. 8. You can complete the following activity only if you have the documentation for the motherboard:.





What do you do if a program on a PC is completely unresponsive? What about a program on a Mac? What should you do if you've tried everything and the problem still isn't fixed?

Diagnosing Power Supply Failure Directions: Divide the class into five (5) groups. Choose a leader for each group. The group will prepares a chart and perform the tasks required by the Diagnostics Procedure of ATX Power Supply Failure. After the activity they will be graded through the given Performance Score Card below: PERFORMANCE SCORE CARD Performance Criteria

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1. The students clearly identified the problem and applied the possible solution correctly. 2. The students utilized actual tools/device in performing the actual usage of each tools and OHS was observed. 3. The students applied safety precautions during the Activity. 4. The activity gave students more critical thinking on the personal protective equipment. 5. The students cooperatively performed the activity.

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Tools for Testing Computer System Tools and equipment play vital roles in troubleshooting. They help the determine the errors found in their computer hardware and network. Tools used to test hardware problems: 1. Screw drivers - are used for installing and removing screws in the computer unit.

Figure 17.Screw Drivers 2. Pliers and tweezers - are used for picking small parts in the computer unit.

Figure18. Pliers and Tweezers 3. Soldering iron- is primarily used for connecting terminals in the power supply and circuit board with the use of a soldering lead.

Figure19. Soldering iron

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4. Anti-static wrist strap, mat and spray- are used for eliminating electrostatic discharge in the work area.

Figure20. Anti- static wrist strap, mat and spray 5. Lens cleaner – a device used for cleaning optical media, such as DVDROMS and CD-writers.

Figure21. Lens Cleaner 6. Thermal paste-is a paste used for heat dissipation of the processor.

Figure22. Thermal Paste

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Network Troubleshooting Tools 1. LAN Tester – is a device used for testing the network connection.

Source: www.nudata.com

Figure23. LAN Tester 2. Crimping tool- is a device used to crimp the RJ45 connector to the UTP cable.

Source: www.ted-kyte.com

Figure24. Crimping Tool

Direction: Answer the following question. Write your answers on your notebook.

.

Enumerate the six tools used for troubleshooting. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

2. Enumerate the two network troubleshooting tools. a. b.

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Troubleshooting computer system network Causes of Network Trouble If a computer is unable to connect to a network or see other computers on a network, it may be necessary to troubleshoot the network. A network may not work because of any of the reasons below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Network card not properly connected. Bad network card drivers or software settings. Firewall preventing computers from seeing each other. Connection related issues. Bad network hardware.

Solution Because of the large variety of network configurations, operating systems and setup, not all of the below information may apply to your network or operating system. If your computer is connected to a company or large network, or you are not the of the network, it is recommended that if you are unable to resolve your issues after following the below recommendations, you should the network or company representative. connections / LEDs that the network cable is properly connected to the back of the computer. In addition, when checking the connection of the network cable, ensure that the LEDs on the network are properly illuminated. For example, a network card with a solid green LED or light usually indicates that the card is either connected or receiving a signal. If, however, the card does not have any lights or has orange or red lights, it is possible that the card is bad, not connected properly, or the card is not receiving a signal from the network.

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If you are on a small or local network and have the capability of checking a hub or switch, that the cables are properly connected and that the hub or switch has power. Adapter resources Ensure that if this is a new network card being installed into the computer that the card's resources are properly set and not conflicting with any hardware in the computer. Adapter functionality that the network card is capable of detecting or seeing itself by using the ping command. Windows / MS-DOS s ping the computer from a MS-DOS prompt. Unix / Linux variant s ping the computer from the shell. To ping the card or the local host, type either ping 127.0.0.1 or ping local host This should show a listing of replies from the network card. If you receive an error or if the transmission failed, it is likely that either the network card is not physically installed into the computer correctly, or that the card is bad. Protocol that the correct protocols are installed on the computer. Most networks today will utilize T/IP, but may also utilize or require IPX/SPX and NetBEUI. When the T/IP protocol is installed, unless a DNS server or other computer assigns the IPX address, the must specify an IP address as well as a Subnet Mask. To do this, follow the instructions below. 1. Click Start / Settings / Control 2. Double-click the Network icon 3. Within the configuration tab double-click the T/IP protocol icon. Note: Do not click on the PPP or Dial-Up adapter, click on the network card adapter. 4. In the T/IP properties click the IP address tab 5. Select the option to specify an IP address 6. Enter the IP address and Subnet Mask address, an example of such an address could be: IP Address: 102.55.92.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 ccv

7. When specifying these values, the computers on the network must all have the same Subnet Mask and have a different IP Address. For example, when using the above values on one computer you would want to use an IP address of 102.55.92.2 on another computer and then specify the same Subnet Mask. Firewall If your computer network utilizes a firewall, ensure that all ports required are open. If possible, close the firewall software program or disconnect the computer from the firewall to ensure it is not causing the problem. Additional time In some cases it may take a computer some additional time to detect or see the network. If after booting the computer you are unable to see the network, give the computer 2-3 minutes to detect the network. Windows s may also want to try pressing the F5 (refresh) key when in Network Neighborhood to refresh the network connections and possibly detect the network Additional troubleshooting If after following or ing the above recommendations you are still unable to connect or see the network, attempt one or more of the below recommendations. If you have installed or are using T/IP as your protocol you can ping another computer's IP address to if the computer is able to send and receive data. To do this, Windows or MS-DOS s must be at a prompt and Linux / Unix variant s must open or be at a shell. Once at the prompt assuming, that the address of the computer you wish to ping is 102.55.92.2, you would type: ping 102.55.92.2 If you receive a response back from this address (and it is a different computer), this demonstrates that the computer is communicating over the network. If you are still unable to connect or see the network, it is possible that other issues may be present. Another method of determining network issues is to use the tracert command if you are a MS-DOS or Windows or the trace route command

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if you are a Linux / Unix variant . To use this command you must be at the command prompt or shell. Ortrace route 102.55.92.2 This should begin listing the hops between the computer and network devices. When the connection fails, determine what device is causing the issue by reviewingthe trace route listing.

Networking with DH Task: Setting up a local area network with a Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DH) server is easy. The DH server provides all the information your computer needs to get up and running on the network. Once connected, you will check network connectivity with the router and at least one other peer on the network. Procedures: Getting connected 1. Before connecting your PC to the network, be sure the Windows XP operating system is running on your computer. You will use Windows XP sp2 throughout this activity. 2. Next, open a terminal window on your computer by clicking on Applications->Accessories->Terminal. 3. In the terminal window, type ipconfig and press Enter. a. How many network devices are listed in the output? Record their names in your worksheet. b. Is there an IPv4 address listed for any of the network devices? If so, record your IP address (es) in your worksheet. 4. Connect your computer to a network switch using a patch cable. Did you get a light on the switch? Record the port number you connected to in your worksheet. 5. Draw a diagram of the entire local area network in the space below, including the router, any switches or hubs, and all connected PCs. ccvii

6. Run ifconfig again. Do you see an IP address? If so, record it in your worksheet. 7. In the terminal window, type dhclient eth1 and press Enter. Describe what happens. Checking your connection: 1. Check connectivity with the router with the ping command. Type ping -c4 10.0.1.1 and press Enter. Record the times listed in the last column of the output. What was the average round trip time (rtt) from your computer to the router and back? 2. Ask another group for their IP address. Check connectivity with that group's computer with ping. Run ping as shown above, substituting the new IP address for the one listed in the previous item. Record the times listed in the last column below. What was the average round trip time (rtt)? 3. When you have completed the activity, shut down your computer and return to your seat.

Title: Networking with Static IPs Purpose: While setting up a network with a Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DH) server is very convenient, it is sometimes preferable to use static IP addresses. In this activity, you will the network using an IP address and netmask provided by your instructor. Once connected, you will check network connectivity with at least one other peer on the network. Procedures: Getting connected 1. Before connecting your PC to the network, be sure the windows Operating system is running on your computer. 2. When the boot process is completed, connect your computer to the network switch using a patch cable. Did you get a light? What port number did you connect to on the switch? 3. Draw a diagram of the entire network in the space below.

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4. To configure your network settings, click System->istration>Network. 5. In the Network settings window, make sure the Connections tab is selected. 6. Click on Wired connection, and then click the Properties button. 7. In the Interface properties window, change the Configuration setting to Static IP address. 8. Enter the IP address provided by your instructor in the IP address field. 9. Enter 10.0.1.0 in the Gateway address field. 10. Finally, enter 255.255.255.0 in the Subnet mask field. Click OK to close the Interface properties window. 11. Click OK to close the Network settings window. Checking your connection 1. Open a terminal window on your computer, if one is not already open, by clicking Applications->Accessories->Terminal. 2. Type ipconfig and press Enter. Are your network setting correct? If not, repeat the steps 4–11 in the previous section. 3. Ask another group for their IP address. Check connectivity with that group's computer with ping. For example, ping -c4 10.0.1.200. Record the times listed in the last column below. What was the average round trip time? 4. Ask a second group for their IP address. Check connectivity to that group's computer with ping. Record the times listed in the last column below. What was the average round trip time? Evaluation: CRITERIA ed

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1. Sequence of steps in diagnosing is followed. 2. Safety precaution are observed. 3. Appropriate tools are used in diagnosing. 4. Diagnostic plan for troubleshooting is created. Remarks

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Computer System and Network Configurations Computer Networks Networks are collections of computers, software, and hardware that are all connected to help their s work together. A network connects computers by means of cabling systems, specialized software, and devices that manage data traffic. A network enables s to share files and resources, such as printers, as well as send messages electronically (e-mail) to each other. The most common networks are Local Area Networks or LANs for short. A LAN connects computers within a single geographical location, such as one office building, office suite, or home. By contrast, Wide Area Networks (WANs) span different cities or even countries, using phone lines or satellite links. Network System Configuration All networks go through roughly the same steps in of design, rollout, configuration, and management. Deg Your Network Plan on the design phase to take anywhere from one to three working days, depending on how much help you have ad how big your network is. Here are the key tasks:     

Settle on a peer-to-peer network or a client/server network. Pick you network system software. Pick a network language. Figure out what hardware you need. Decide on what degree of information security you need.

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

Choose software and management chores.

hardware

solutions

to

handle

day-to-day

Rolling Out Your Network Rolling out your network requires the following steps:  

       

Run and test network cables. Install the server or servers if you’re setting up a client/server network. (If you are setting up a peer-to-peer network, you typically don’t have to worry about any dedicated servers.) Set up the workstation hardware. Plug in and cable the Network Interface Cards (NICs – these connect the network to the LAN). Install the hub or hubs (if you are using twisted-pair cable). Install printers. Load up the server software (the NOS, or Network Operating System) if your network is a client/server type. Install the workstation software. Install modem hardware for remote dial-up (if you want the s to be able to dial into the network). Install the programs you want to run (application software).

Configuring Your Network Network configuration means customizing the network for your own use.     

Creating network s for your s (names, s, and groups). Creating areas on shared disk drives for s to share data files. Creating areas on shared disk drives for s to share programs (unless everyone runs programs from their own computer). Setting up print queues (the software that lets s share networked printers). Installing network on workstations, so they can "talk" to your network.

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Managing Your Network The work you do right after your LAN is up and running and configured can save you huge amounts of time in the coming months.       

Mapping your network for easier management and troubleshooting. Setting up appropriate security measures to protect against accidental and intentional harm. Tuning up your LAN so that you get the best possible speed from it. Creating company standards for adding hardware and software, so you don’t have nagging compatibility problems later. Putting backup systems in place so that you have copies of data and programs if your hardware fails. Installing some monitoring and diagnostic software so that you can check on your network’s health and get an early warning of impleading problems. Figuring out how you plan to handle troubleshooting – educating your LAN , setting up a contract with a software vendor, and so on.

Smooth Setup One key advantage of a peer-to-peer network is that it’s easy to setup. With the simplest sort of peer-to-peer network, you just use the built-in networking that comes with your operating system (Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 and so on) and you have very little software to set up – even less if you have computers that have the operating system preinstalled, as most computers do these days. For Windows XP and Windows 7, the basic steps to setting up a peerto-peer network are as follows: (Review for Cabling) UTP Cable A UTP cable (category 5) is one of the most popular LAN cables. This cable consists of 4 twisted pairs of metal wires (that means there are 8 wires in the cable). Adding RJ45 connectors at both ends of the UTP cable it becomes a LAN cable they usually use.

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Preparation You need a UTP Cable, Crimping Tool, RJ45, and Cutter

Figure 25. Materials for Cabling

Making Cable Follow the steps below. 1. Remove the outmost vinyl shield for 12mm at one end of the cable (we call this side A-side). 2. Arrange the metal wires in parallel (refer the each section's wire arrangement table). Don't remove the shield of each metal line. 3. Insert the metal wires into RJ45 connector on keeping the metal wire arrangement. 4. Set the RJ45 connector (with the cable) on the pliers, and squeeze it tightly. 5. Make the other side of the cable (we call this side B-side) in the same way. 6. After you made it, you don't need to take care of the direction of the cable. (Any cable in this page is directionless --- that means you can set either end of the cable to either device.)

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How to see the wire arrangement Take the UTP cable with your left hand and a RJ45 connector with your right hand. Hold the RJ45 connector in the way you can see the metal face of the RJ45 connector.

The tables below are for the case where the UTP cable consists of green/green-white, orange/orange-white, blue/blue-white, brown/brown-white twisted pairs. 10 Base T / 100 Base T Straight 10BaseT and 100BaseT are most common mode of LAN. You can use UTP category-5 cable for both modes. (You can use UTP category-3 cable for 10BaseT, in which there are only 3 wires inside the cable.) A straight cable is used to connect a computer to a hub. You can use it to connect 2 hubs in the case one of the hubs has an uplink port (and you use normal port on the other hub). Pin ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

side A

side B

orange-white orange green-white blue blue-white green brown-white brown

orange-white orange green-white blue blue-white green brown-white brown

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10 Base T / 100 Base T Cross A cross cable for 10BaseT and 100BaseT is used to connect 2 computers directly (with ONLY the UTP cable). It is also used when you connect 2 hubs with a normal port on both hubs. (In other words, the cross cable is used relatively in a rare case.) Pin ID 1 2

side A orangewhite orange

side B greenwhite green

3 4

greenwhite blue

orangewhite blue

5 6 7 8

blue-white green brownwhite brown

blue-white orange brownwhite brown

To create a peer network, you must have the following components: • A network interface or Local Area Network (LAN) adapter for each computer. The same manufacturer and model of network card is preferred. • Cabling that is ed by the network cards. • Windows XP or 7 drivers for the network cards. • A common network protocol. • A unique computer name for each computer.

Task1. Creating Peer to Peer Network To create a peer network, follow these steps for each computer connected to the network: 1. Shut down the computer and install the network card and appropriate cabling for each computer. NOTE: For information about how to configure your network adapters and physically connect your computers, consult the documentation included with your network adapters or the manufacturer(s) of ccxv your network adapters.

2. Start Windows and install the network drivers. Windows may detect your network card and install the drivers when you start the computer. If the network card drivers are not included with Windows, follow the manufacturer's instructions about how to install the network drivers. 3. Choose a client and a common protocol for each computer. To do this, follow these steps: a. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control , and then double-click Network. b. Click Add, click Client, and then click Add. c. In the Manufacturers box, click the appropriate manufacturer, click the appropriate client in the Network Clients box, and then click OK. d. Click Add, click Protocol, and then click Add. e. In the Manufacturers box, click the appropriate manufacturer, click the appropriate protocol in the Network Protocol box, and then click OK. 4. Configure a peer server. Each computer that is configured for File and Printer Sharing can act as a server. To configure a computer for File and Printer Sharing, use the following steps: a. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control , and then double-click Network. b. Click File and Print Sharing, click one or both options to share files and printers, click OK, and then click OK again. c. Click Yes when you are prompted to restart your computer. 5. Give each computer a unique computer name. To do this, use the following steps: a. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control , and then double-click Network. b. On the Identification tab, type a unique name in the Computer name box. c. Click OK, and then click Yes when you are prompted to restart your computer. NOTE: The computer name must be unique for each computer on the : network and should be no more than 15 characters in length. In small networks, the workgroup name should be the same for each computer so that all computers are visible in the same workgroup when browsing. You should not use spaces or the following characters in ccxvi computer and workgroup names

Task 2. Using the Internet for Research In this activity, you will learn how useful the Internet can be for a PC technician. 1. Using your own or computer laboratory, pretend that the motherboard manual is not available and you need to replace a faulty processor. Identify the manufacturer and model of the motherboard by looking for the manufacturer name and model number stamped on theboard. Research the Web site for that manufacturer. Print the list of processors the boardcan . 2. Research the Web site for your motherboard and print the instructions for flashing BIOS. 3. Research the Abit Web site (www.abit.com.tw) and print a photograph of a motherboardthat has a riser slot. Also print the photograph of the riser card that fits this slot. What isthe function of the riser card?

Task 1. Setting Windows Network Connection Equipment, Tools and Materials Required: - UTP cables - 4 Computer units - 1 hub

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Given the following materials, set-up a network connection on four computers. CRITERIA 

Safety Precautions are observed.



All the UTP are properly connected to the computer and hub. Computers are properly connected and seen in the network. Proper boot-up and shutdown of the computer is observed.

 

1

2

3

4

5

Total: More Security for Remote Desktop Task2. Analyze the situations below and answer the questions that follow. When Enzo travels on company business, he finds it’s a great help to be able to access his office computer from anywhere on the road using Remote Desktop. However, he wants to make sure his office computer as well as the entire corporate network is as safe as possible.One way you can help Enzo to add more security is to change the port that Remote Desktop uses. Knowledgeable hackers know that Remote Desktop uses port 3389, but if you change this port to a secret port, hackers are less likely to find the open port. Search the MicrosoftKnowledge Base articles (.microsoft.com) for a way to change the port that RemoteDesktop uses. Practice implementing this change by doing the following: 1. Set up Remote Desktop on a computer to be the host computer. Use another computer (the client computer) to create a Remote Desktop session to the host computer. the session works by transferring files in both directions. 2. Next, change the port that Remote Desktop uses on the host computer to a secret port. Print a screen shot showing how you made the change. Use the client computer to create a Remote Desktop session to the host computer using the secret port. Print a screen shot showing how you made the connection using the secret port. the session works by transferring files in both directions. 3. What secret port did you use?

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Lesson 3.INSPECT AND TEST SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

THE

CONFIGURED

COMPUTER

General Safety Tips and Reminders  Observe good housekeeping in the area of the machines during and after maintenance.  Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place, away from all personnel, while you are servicing the machine. Dress for the Job  Keep your tool case away from walk areas so that other people will not trip over it.  Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the moving parts of a machine. Ensure that your sleeves are fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair is long, use hair net or hair cap.  Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or fasten it with a nonconductive clip, approximately three (3) inches from the end.  Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or metal fasteners. : Metal objects are good conductors

 After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels, and ground wires. Replace any safety device that is worn out or defective.  Finally, reinstall all covers correctly before returning the unit to the customers.

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Electrical safety Electric current from power, telephone, and communication cables can be hazardous. To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, disconnect the attached power cords, telecommunications systems, networks and modems before you open the server/workstation covers, unless instructed otherwise in the installation and configuration procedure. Precautions  Disconnect all power before:  Performing a mechanical inspection  Working near power supplies  Removing or installing main units  Before starting work on the machine, unplug the power cord.  Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit. First, check that it has been powered-off.  Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work  Moist floors  Non-grounded power extension cables  Power surges.  If an electrical accident occurs:  Switch off power  Send another person to get medical aid Safety Inspection Guide These steps will help you identify potentially unsafe conditions on electrical products:  Check exterior covers for damage (loose, broken, or sharp edges)  Power-off computer. Disconnect the power cord.  The power cord should be the appropriate type.  Insulation on the power cord must not be frayed or worn out.  Remove the cover.  Check for any obvious alteration. Use good judgment as to the safety of any alterations.  Check for worn out, frayed or pinched cables.  Check that the power-supply cover fasteners (screws or rivets) have not been removed or tampered with. Accident Reporting Policy and Procedure There must be a process put in place to report accidents, incidents or near misses for immediate action and to help track causes. The organization needs to ccxx

identify what needs to be reported, to whom it is to be reported, and how to report it, then put this process into a written procedure. For example: Any accident, incident, or "near miss," no matter how slight the injury or damage, must be reported to the department supervisor immediately for appropriate action. The supervisor is responsible for taking appropriate follow-up action, including getting medical attention for the injured, completing an investigation report and recommending or implementing appropriate corrective actions. The primary purpose of the accident investigation is to identify the cause(s) of the accident, incident or "near miss" and take action to prevent a similar occurrence in the future. In some instances, an employee's or volunteer's failure to follow recognized safety procedures requires disciplinary action to protect coworkers. : One person's actions can jeopardize the safety of others in the workplace. Accident Reporting Policy Approved by Chairman: Date: 1. Purpose [complies with legislation, ensure the necessary action to 2. Prevent any recurrence and to enable the organization to maintain proper records. 3. Scope [accident, incident, near-miss; employee, volunteer, anyone on site or involved in organization-sponsored activities. 4. Definitions of . 5. Accident Reporting [timeline, to whom, how (phone, e-mail, fax) \ OSHA, NIOSH? 6. Absence resulting from an accident [who to report to, Return-to work. 7. Accident Investigation [who investigates what to do with resulting recommendations. 8. Forms Names, where to find them. 9. Reportable Diseases communicable diseases listed where?

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Accident Investigation Procedures The senior staff member available at the accident scene or the first member notified should complete the appropriate investigation reporting form (accident, incident, near miss). The completed form should be given to the organization's safety committee, which will forward a copy of the report to the safety coordinator for review. When an employee or volunteer is injured: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Get the person professional medical attention. Protect others. Minimize property damage. Stabilize the situation. Conduct an investigation.

General guidelines for investigating accidents:          

   

Go to the scene of the accident while the facts are fresh. Inspect and record any changed physical characteristics or conditions of the accident site Preserve any physical evidence, such as potentially defective equipment. Take photos to help preserve the scene (i.e., puddles on the floor, overturned storage shelves and spilled contents). Talk to the injured person, if possible. Talk to any eyewitnesses. Ask simple open-ended questions, one question at a time, and attempt to have events related chronologically to ensure thorough coverage. Distinguish a person's actual knowledge from hearsay. Ask when, where, who, how, and what was said or done. Avoid opinions, judgments or conclusions and be as objective as possible. Avoid commenting on the information gathered except to confirm your understanding or to clarify. Stress getting the facts. Do not comment on liability or fault during the investigation. Listen for clues in the conversation around you. Unsolicited comments often have merit. Review and finalize any notes immediately upon completion of your inspection and any interview or other communication with those involved.

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

Fill out the appropriate accident, incident or near-miss form, giving an accurate of the facts. Send the form to the safety coordinator and safety committee for their review.



Accident reports Forms are used to give specific details with regards to the accidents happened in the laboratory during experiments. Accident reports contain the following details:     

Name of the person injured Date and time of the accident Type of injury First aid given Action taken to prevent further accidents

Task. Accomplish the sample Accident report sample form Date: Form No:

Accident Report Form Rm. No:

Name: Type of Injury

Yr/Sec: Cause of Injury

Remedy

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Replacing different Components When replacing computer parts and peripherals, you need to consider the following factors: 1. Compatibility of the component or part 2. Consider the component specification 3. Components form factor Compatibility of the Component When replacing computer parts you should check if it is compatible with your unit. Double check on your computer manual if the component you are replacing is compatible or not with the unit because this may lead to system crash. Component Specification This focuses on the specification of the component. Check if the voltage rating, current rating, memory size and frequency matches your computer unit. Form factor The components’ manufacturer should be considered. Check if the unit you are trying to repair or upgrade is generic or branded units. Branded units have their own set of components compatible only to their units, while genetic types can be used only to generic type of units. List of Components Commonly Replaced in a Computer System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Memory Video Cards (also referred to as a graphics accelerator) Network Interface Card Hard disk drive Motherboard Processor CMOS Battery CD/DVD Drive Sound card

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Directions: Write your answer on your notebook 1. Give the functions of each component. a. b. c. d. e.

Memory Video card NIC Motherboard HDD

2. Factors to consider when replacing a component. a. _____________________ b. _____________________ c. _____________________

Upgrading Your Computer Components To upgrade means to change some parts with faster and better performing ones. These parts may even cost less and more powerful. Commonly Upgraded Computer Parts 1. Monitors- replace old CRT monitors to new LCD or LED monitors. 2. Optical drives- old CD-ROMs drives are commonly replaced with DVDROM and DVD writers. 3. Hard Drives- small capacity hard drives are replaced with faster and high capacity hard drives. 4. Keyboards and mouse- keyboards and mouse are commonly replaced with optical mouse and wireless keyboards. 5. RAM (Random Access Memory)- upgrading the computer’s memory or RAM speeds up the performance of the computer 6. Video cards- upgrade computer’s graphics card to improve the computer performance in of graphics and games. 7. Processors- replacing the processors increase the data processing speed.

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8. Modem- installing a modem enables your computer to connect to the internet. How to Speed up the Computer 1. Defragmenter utility: Automatically analyzes the empty disk space on the hard disk and defrag all scattered files.

Figure 26. Defragmenter Utility 2. Shutdown Unnecessary programs: Close all unwanted programs at the Windows start up and this will automatically increase the windows loading time and speed of the computer will also be increased.

3. Increased memory: Increasing the memory in the system will result to exceptional speed of your computer. 4. Disk Cleanup: You can delete unwanted programs and files from your computer and this will be helpful in increasing the speed.

Figure 27. Disk Cleanup

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5. Empty Recycle Bin: Delete all the files and folders from the recycle bin and you will get the space of C drive for reusability.

Figure 28. Emptying the recycle bin Memory make your computer faster, you can upgrade its memory. Here are the steps in upgrading your computer’s memory 1. Remove the memory modules from the slot.

Figure 29. Removing memory module from the slot 2. In Figure 30 the notches we have marked as A are used for the ejector clip on the DIMM slot. The notches we have marked as B is used to align the memory module with the DIMM slot key C as shown in Figure 31. In Figure 31 you can see the ejector clips (D), using your finger, push these into the down position as shown in Figure 31 this allows the memory to be inserted.

Figure 30. Notch A

Figure 31. DIMM Slot

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3. Now you are ready to install the module, ensuring the notches line up with the keys gently but firmly push the memory into the slot until it is seated fully(see Figure 32 the ejector clips should rise to the vertical position as shown in Figure 33). 4. Now your memory is installed. Be sure you have not loosened any cables while working and also ensure that the memory module is fully seated and the ejector clips are in the vertical position.

Figure 32. Ejector clips

Figure 33. Ejector clips in vertical position

Video card Upgrade 1. Take the video card (hold it by the edges) and line it up with the slot paying careful attention to the alignment notch. When it is aligned correctly, press gently but firmly until the card is seated fully and evenly into the slot. 2. When you are happy that the card is firmly in place, insert the fixing screw and check to make sure you have not loosened anything during installation. 3. When you reboot your machine Windows (or other OS) should find the card automatically, it may then ask you to insert the disk/CD that came with your video card, insert the CD and follow the on-screen instructions to install the video card driver. Hard Drive Upgrade The first thing to do (after removing the case covers) is to locate the drive bay where the hard drive will go. The next step is to attach the IDE and power cables. In figure 34 below you can see a standard IDE Cable, note there are three (3) connections (notice the difference in distance between the connectors). Connection A plugs into the motherboard and then the slave and master connections are used for IDE devices such as hard drives, if you are

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only installing one drive or the new drive is to be the master then use the master connector, if the drive is to be the slave then use the slave connector. The IDE cable will be marked down one side with a red or black strip, this denotes Pin 1, match this with the Pin 1 indicator on the back of the hard drive. The power cable you will find in your case is attached to your power supply; you can see an example below in figure 35.

Figure 34. Standard IDE Cable

Figure 35.Power Cable

Basic Network Errors If your network connection is not configured properly or suffers a technical failure, you will often see some error message generated and displayed on your screen. These messages give helpful clues to the nature of the issue. Use this list of the common network-related error messages to help troubleshoot and fix networking problems.

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Network Problem error Messages Network problem error message 1 Read the message in the box. Box running software 14.8 and above:

Box running software 14.7 and below:

No network adapter. (N01)

A network adapter was not detected. (N01)

Please make sure that your network adapter is securely plugged into a USB port on the back of the box.

Please make sure that your network adapter is securely plugged into a USB port on the back of the box.

Possible solution for error message 1 Quick Steps

1. If you have a TiVo Wireless G or N Adapter: Remove the adapter from the TiVo box for 15 – 60 seconds and reconnect. Then force a connection to the TiVo service. 2. Try another USB port (when applicable). 3. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for additional assistance.

Network problem error message 2 Read the message in the box. Box running software 14.8 and Box running software 14.7 and above: below: Problem with router. (N03) It might be temporarily out of IP addresses. Wait a few minutes, and then try connecting again. If the DH server is part of your home network, try increasing the number of IP addresses it can assign.

The DH server was unable to supply an IP address.(N03) It might be temporarily out of IP addresses. Wait a few minutes, and then try connecting again. If the DH server is part of your home network, try increasing the number of IP addresses it can assign.

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Quick Steps

Possible solution for error message 2 1. Power cycle your network, then force a connection to the TiVo service. 2. Renew the DH lease on your router. NOTE: Please your router manufacturer if you are unsure how to do this. 3. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for additional assistance.

Network problem error message 3 Read the message in the box: Box running software 14.8 and Box running software 14.7 and below: above: The specified IP address ( ) is already in use by another settings. (N05) device on the network. (N05)

Quick Steps

Change your network settings to Change your network settings to use a use a different (and unused) IP different (and unused) IP address. address. Possible solution for error message 3 1. If the box is using a static IP address, then it will need to be changed. See How to configure network settings on your TiVo box for instructions. 2. Power cycle your network devices, then force a connection to the TiVo service. 3. Renew the DH lease on your router. NOTE: Please your router manufacturer if you are unsure how to do this.

Network problem error message 4 Read the message in the box:

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Box running software 14.8 and above: Wireless Network Not Found. (N06)

Box running software 14.7 and below: Could not connect to the wireless network ( ). (N06)

Quick Steps

Possible solution for error message 4 1. your TiVo box has the latest software version to the encryption used by your router. 2. Make sure your wireless network is operational and you have sufficient signal strength where the box is located. See How to configure network settings on your TiVo box for instructions. 3. you entered the correct the correct name of your network and/or the correct encryption key or . 4. Check for possible interference sources nearby, such as microwave ovens, cordless phones, etc. 5. Power cycle your network devices, then force a connection to the TiVo service. 6. Move your wireless adapter to improve signal strength. 7. your router manufacturer to determine whether you need to update your router firmware. 8. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for additional assistance. Network problem error message 8 Read the message in the box: Box running software 14.8 and Box running software 14.7 and below: above: Your network adapter has not been Adapter not set up. (N08) set up for use with the box. (N08) Select Change network settings to begin setting up your network adapter.

Select Change network settings to begin setting up your network adapter.

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Quick Steps

Possible solution for error message 8 1. TiVo Wireless N adapter: that your adapter has been set up properly. Please see TiVo Wireless N Adapter Setup for instructions. 2. you entered the correct name of your network and/or the correct encryption key or . 3. your wireless adapter is compatible with your TiVo box. 4. Try another USB port (when applicable). 5. If these steps have not resolved your issue, see Detailed Steps below for additional assistance.

Common Network Errors and Solutions Network Errors

Network problem is not accessible Message: "....is not accessible. You may not have permission to use this network resource. the of this server to find out if you have access permissions. The semaphore timeout period has expired."

Network problem not available. The server is not configured for

Possible Solutions Make sure no any firewall running. Make sure you have created the same workgroup, and the same name for logging on a remote computer. 3. Check 's rights. 4. You may want to enable guest on windows. 5. if you are using simple file sharing, you may try to disable it and re-share the drive manually. 6. If it is mixed OS network, enable NetBIOS over T/IP. 7. Make sure the Computer Browser service is started if all computers are w2k/xp. 8. Stop Computer Browser service on wwin9x, ME and NT if this is a mixed OS network. 9. Cache credential by using net use \\computername\share /:name command (it is better to have the name logon shared computer). 10. If you have tried enabling netbios over t/ip but doesn't work, you may try to load netbeui (loading netbeui may slow your network). 11. Make sure the server service is running. 12. Still need help, consultant at http://hidev.com/us.asp for the tech . 1. 2.

1. Type command "net share" on the shared computer. If there is not a share named "IPC$" in the share list, use the command "net share ipc$" ccxxxiii

transactions"

to create it.

An extended error has occurred" or "Access Denied" Symptoms: When mapping a network drive using net use or using the net view command to view a different computer in the domain, you may receive: "An extended error has occurred" or "Access Denied" error messages.

1. This issue may occur if the workstation doesn't synchronize the time with the server. After ing that basic network connectivity exists, you can force time synchronization on the client computer manually. To do this, run net time /domain /set command. 2. Make sure you have granted enough licenses for clients accessing.

“Computer name is not accessible. No permission to access the resources"

1. Are you sure the logon has permission to the shared folder? 2. Have you tried to logon using the same name and of the accessed computer? 3. The last and risky one, if you enable guest in computer, can you access now?

"Multiple connections to the server or shared resource are not allowed"

1. Try using net use /d from a command to clear allyour mapped connections before ing the domain. You can also disconnect the mapped drive in Windows Explorer by right-click the mapped drive and select disconnection.

Symptom: when attempting to a domain, you may receive "Multiple connections to the server or shared resource are not allowed. Please disconnect all previous connections to the server or shared resource and try again." "Network path not

1. This issue may occur if the T/IP NetBIOS ccxxxiv

found" in a domain network 1 SYMPTOMS: When trying to a domain by using he NetBIOS domain name, you are successful but not the FQDN and you may receive one of the following error messages:

Helper Service is not running on the client computer. To start the T/IP NetBIOS Helper Service, go to MMS>Services, double-click T/IP NetBIOS Helper Service.

1) The following error occurred attempting to domain "example.com": The network location cannot be reached. For information about network troubleshooting, see Windows Help. 2) Network path not found. "Network path not found" in a domain network 2

1. You can find some computer browser errors on the DNS server. Disable one of two NICs will work. More resolutions can be found in browser Issue page.

"Network path not found" in a workgroup network - error 53

1. Make sure that File and Printer Sharing is enabled on the shared computer. Make sure that shared machine has something shared. 2. Make sure that you have created the same workgroup and logon the same name Make sure that you have enabled NetBIOS over T/IP if this is a mixed OS network.

"Not accessible. You may not have permission to use this network resource"

1. Enable NetBIOS over T/IP on one or more computers in the workgroup. To do that, go to properties of Local Area Connection>properties of Internet Protocol (T/IP)>General> Advanced>WINS, check En

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Symptom: Your peerto-peer network, may receive the following error when you doubleclick My Network Places/Computers Near Me: <Workgroup Name> is not accessible. You may not have permission to use this network resource.

able NetBIOS over T/IP (If you have a DH-assigned IP address, select Use NetBIOS setting from the DH server ). 2. Make sure the Computer Browser service is started.

"Not enough server storage is available to process this command." error.

1. The registry value IRPstackSize may be not explicitly present. To increase the value of the parameter, go to the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentCont rolSet\Services\ LanmanServer\Parameters. If the key is not present, choose Add Value in the Registry Editor. The Value Name should be IRPStackSize and the Data Type is REG_DWORD. 2. Remove any unnecessary entries from this value in the registry, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentContr olSet\Services\LanmanServer\Parameters\NullSe ssionPipes. 3. Disable Norton antivirus to see if that will fix the problem.

SYMPTOMS: When accessing shares on a server from a client, you may receive "Not enough server storage is available to process this command." error. You may receive this message and Event ID: 2011 after you install Norton Antivirus for Windows.

"No logon server available" Symptoms: you can ping the server by ip and name but can't map the shared drive by using net use \\ip or \\servern ame. If you try, you may receive the "No logon server

This sounds like cache credential issue. 1. Make sure the computers in the same network, the same workgroup/domain and have created the same name. 2. Use net use \\servername\sharename /: name to cache the credential.

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available".

Still need help, consultant at http://hide v.com/us.asp fo r the tech . "System error 6118 has occurred. The list of servers for this workgroup is not currently available." Symptoms: When using the net view \\computername comm and, you receive the following error message: System error 6118 has occurred. The list of servers for this workgroup is not currently available.

1. Disable ICF if you don't need it. 2. Open port # (UDP and T) from 135 through 139 and/or 445. to do this, go to the properties of the connection>Advanced>ICF>Settings>Services. For Microsoft file sharing SMB: add (UDP and T) ports from 135 through 139. For directhosted SMB traffic without network basic input/output system (NetBIOS) uses port (T and UDP) 445. Note: the external and internal port numbers should be identical.

"The is incorrect. Try again"

1. You need to setup every that needs access to the shared folder on every computer they have to connect to. Then give the proper proper permission to the shared folder. 2. Logon the same and . 3. As always, you can try to enable a guest on the accessed machine.

"There are no entries on the list"

1. If there are no file or print shares on the computer, the net view command displays a "There are no entries in the list" message. So, make sure there are file or print shares on the computer. Or to use net share command to check sharing status. 2. Make sure no firewall running because the firewall may block sharing.

Symptom: when using net view \\remotecomputer command, you may receive "There are no entries on the list". And you may have a

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problem to access the remote computer.

"Unable to access Computers near Me" or "Workgroup is not accessible" errors

1. NetBIOS over T/IP. To do that, go to the properties of T/IP>Advanced>WINS. If you are using a static Internet Protocol (IP) address, click 2. Enable NetBIOS over T/IP. If you have a DH-assigned IP address, click Use NetBIOS setting from the DH server. No Master Browser or too many browsers may cause this issue. Check Browser issue.

"Unable to Browse Network"

1. 2. 3. 4.

Symptom: When you attempt to browse your network by opening Entire Network in My Network Places/Network Neighborhood, you may receive the following error message: Unable to Browse Network.

Have you loaded the NIC or is it working? Have you loaded common protocol, T/IP? Does the Computer browser work? Have you enable file and printer sharing in the accessed computer? 5. Is the workstation service running?

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Award BIOS / CMOS Setup This is the BIOS setup for Award BIOS v6.00PG. If you have a different version of the Award BIOS there would be a lot of similarities. If your BIOS are AMI or Phoenix then the common BIOS features would have some similarities. Whatever BIOS you have, this setup guide should give you an idea about how to setup BIOS. Please note that setting up BIOS incorrectly could cause system malfunction, therefore it is recommended that you also follow the BIOS guide provided on your motherboard manual. If you decide to make changes to certain options it is safer to make a note of what you have changed. Then restart the system to see how it performs. If the system behaves abnormally or becomes unstable you can revert back to your previous settings. Softmenu III Softmenu III is where you can setup up the U without setting jumpers on the motherboard. You can setup the U simply by selecting the speed i.e. Pentium III 750 from the list. This ensures that the U bus, multiplier, voltage etc, is correctly set for that particular U. However you can manually setup each feature if required. Once you have finished with the setup press ESC to return the previous menu.

Figure 36. BIOS CMOS Setup Utility

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Standard CMOS Features Here you can setup the basic BIOS features such as date, time, type of floppy etc. Use the arrow keys to move around and press enter to select the required option. You can specify what IDE devices you have such as Hard drive, CD-ROM, ZIP drive etc. The easiest way to setup the IDE devices is by leaving it set to auto. This allows the BIOS to detect the devices automatically so you don't have to do it manually. At the bottom, it also displays the total memory in your system.

Figure 37. Standard CMOS Feature Advanced BIOS Features As you can see from figure 3, there are numerous advance settings which you can select if required. For most cases leaving the default setting should be adequate. As you can see the first boot device is set to floppy. This ensures that the floppy disk is read first when the system boots, and therefore can boot from windows boot disk. The second boot device is the Hard disk and third is set to LS120. If you want to boot from a bootable CD then you can set the third boot device to CD/DVD-ROM.

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Figure 37. Advance Bios Feature Advanced Chipset Features Here you can setup the contents of the chipset buffers. It is closely related to the hardware and is therefore recommended that you leave the default setting unless you know what you are doing. Having an incorrect setting can make your system unstable. If you know that your SDRAM can handle CAS 2, then making changes can speed up the memory timing. If you have 128MB SDRAM then the maximum amount of memory the AGP card can use is 128MB.

Figure 38. Advance Bios Chipset

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Integrated Peripherals This menu allows you to change the various I/O devices such as IDE controllers, serial ports, parallel port, keyboard etc. You can make changes as necessary.

Figure 39. Integrated Peripherals Power Management Setup The power management allows you to setup various power saving features, when the PC is in standby or suspend mode.

Figure 40. Power Management setup

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PnP/PCI Configurations This menu allows you to configure your PCI slots. You can assign IRQ's for various PCI slots. It is recommended that you leave the default settings as it can get a bit complicated messing around with IRQ's

Figure 41. Pnp/PCI Configurations PC Health Status This menu displays the current U temperature, the fan speeds, voltages etc. You can set the warning temperature which will trigger an alarm if the U exceeds the specified temperature.

Figure 42. PC Health Status

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Load Fail-Safe Defaults If you made changes to the BIOS and your system becomes unstable as a result, you can change it back to default. However if you made many changes and don't know which one is causing the problem, your best bet is to choose the option "Load Fail Safe Mode Defaults" from the BIOS menu. This uses a minimal performance setting, but the system would run in a stable way. From the dialog box Choose "Y" followed by enter to load Fail-Safe Defaults.

Figure 43. Load fail-safe defaults

Load Optimized Defaults Like the Fail-Safe mode above, this option loads the BIOS default settings, but runs the system at optimal performance. From the dialog box Choose "Y" followed by enter to load Optimized Defaults.

Figure 44. Load optimized Set To protect your BIOS you can specify a . Make sure you don't forget the or you cannot access the BIOS. The only way you can access the BIOS is by resetting it using the reset jumper on the motherboard.

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Figure 45. Load optimized Save and Exit Setup To save any changes you made to the BIOS you must choose this option. From the dialog box choose "Y".

Figure 46. Save to CMOS and EXIT Exit without Saving If you don't want to save changes made to the BIOS, choose "N" from the dialog box.

Figure 47. Quit Without Saving

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Task 1. The BIOS settings in the CMOS memory have become corrupted or damaged Task: Check the CMOS battery and replace if needed. Procedure: 1. Power on your desktop pc and wait for the POST 2. Read the Power on self-test report and do the necessary procedure to solve the problem. 3. Boot up your pc into BIOS setup. 4. Look for incorrect or changing time settings. A noticeable symptom is an invalid time showing within the operating system. This symptom is confirmed if time sets after the computer system is restarted. Under these circumstances, the CMOS battery should be replaced. Procedure: On how to replace the CMOS Battery. 1. Locate your CMOS battery 2. Obtain battery information 3. Removing the battery 4. Insert the new battery 5. Enter CMOS values You will be assessed using the following criteria Evaluation CRITERIA ed

Failed

1. Sequence of steps in CMOS diagnosing procedure is followed. 2. Sequence of steps for replacing CMOS battery is followed carefully. 3. Safety precaution is observed. Remarks

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Task 1. Practicing T/IP Networking Skills While connected to the Internet or another T/IP network, answer these questions: 1. What is your current IP address? 2. Release and renew your IP address. Now what is your IP address? 3. Are you using dynamic or static IP addressing? How do you know? 4. What is your adapter address for this connection? 5. What is your default gateway IP address? 6. What response do you get when you ping the default gateway?

Task 2. Investigating Verizon FiOS Verizon (www.verizon.com) is currently offering an alternative to DSL and cable modemfor broadband Internet access. FiOS is a fiber-optic Internet service that uses fiber-opticcable all the way to your house for both your residential telephone service and Internetaccess. Search the Web for answers to these questions about FiOS: 1. Give a brief description of FiOS and how it is used for Internet access. 2. What downstream and upstream speeds can FiOS ? 3. When using FiOS, does your telephone voice communication share the fiber-optic cablewith Internet data? 4. What does Verizon say about FiOS cabling used for television? 5. IsFiOS available in your area?

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Hardware ol, Materials, and Equipment Tools Philip Screw Deriver Anti-static wrist strap Anti-static mat Equipment Network Card Network Card Upgrade Given the tools and materials, upgrade your computer by installing a network card.

You will be assessed using the following criteria Evaluation CRITERIA ed

Failed

1. Safety precautions are observed. 2. Appropriate tools are used in upgrading

3. Necessary improvement and adjustment are done in up upgrading. Remarks

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LESSON 4: TEST SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS

Testing Computer System Is your PC healthy? Don't be too sure. Think back to when you heard a kerklunk sound coming from the hard drive. Or maybe you the last time your Internet connection was down. The best way to find out what's wrong is to take a proactive approach: Check under your PC's hood with the following mostly free diagnostic tools, and see if anything is amiss--before disaster strikes. Three Major Components of Computer System:   

Hardware Software Firmware

Test Your Hardware Checking your computer hardware and its peripherals 1. Computer Monitor and its peripherals  Monitor and interface cables  Video card  Monitor power cable 2. Keyboard and Mouse  

Keyboard connector Mouse Connector

3. I/O port and devices

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     

Connection between the I/O port and the peripheral device A faulty cable between the I/O port and the peripheral device A faulty peripheral device Incorrect settings in the System Setup program Incorrect settings in the system's configuration files Faulty I/O port logic on the system board

4. Power supply  

Power cord Fuse

Fuse

Power cord

Testing Your Software Check the different software installed in the computer. 1. Operating system  Run live updates for your operating systems to get the latest patches and protection for your OS.  Run registry scanners to check the OS registry configuration

Figure 48. Operating System 2. Application Software  Check for live updates

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Figure 49. Live Updates 3. Anti-virus software   

Run anti-virus program Check for virus signature updates Check for spyware updates

Test Your Firmware Firmware- is a combination of hardware and software integrated on a chip. To test the firmware Check for the correct configuration, you can accomplish this by configuring the BIOS in the computer

Figure 50. BIOS Configuration

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Sample Accomplishment Report Form

Task to be accomplished Hardware component testing

Status Working properly

Software testing

Not working properly

Status Working properly


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Error Beep codes When a PC is first switched on or reset it performs a special diagnostic test called a POST (Power-On Self Test), to check all components in the PC, the POST program sends out a signal to each device initializing each device's built-in self test procedure. The POST test is a two stage process: 1. First, it will check all the basic components including among other things the system clock, the processor, RAM, the keyboard controller and the Video 2. After the video has been tested the BIOS will then indicate any errors encountered by displaying either a numeric code or a text message on the screen. When a device fails the first part of the POST, the BIOS will send a series of beeps from the PC's speaker (internal) to inform the PC that there is a problem these beeps are coded allowing the to diagnose the troublesomemcomponent. When the POST has been completed successfully, the PC will make a short beep to let the know everything is as it should be. Three (3) major brands of BIOS chip 1. AWARD BIOS 2. Phoenix BIOS 3. AMI BIOS

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Each type of BIOS chip has it own error code AMI BIOS ERROR BEEP CODES Indicator

1 Beep

Error message Memory refresh failure Memory parity error

Solution Check memory

Memory read/write error

Check memory

Motherboard timer not functioning Processor error Gate A20/keyboard controller failure

Check memory

2 Beeps 3 Beeps

4Beeps 5Beeps

Processor exception interrupt

Replace motherboard Replace processor Replace motherboard Replace processor

6 Beeps 7 Beeps 8 Beeps 9 Beeps 10 Beeps

Display memory read/write failure ROM checksum error

Replace video card

CMOS shutdown read/write error Bad cache memory

Replace BIOS chip/Motherboard Replace BIOS chip/Motherboard Replace cache memory

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Phoenix BIOS ERROR BEEP CODES Phoenix BIOS beep codes are a series of beeps separated by a pause, for example: beep --- beep beep --- beep --- beep beep would be 1-2-1-2

Indicator

Error message

1-1-4-1

Cache error

1-2-2-3

BIOS ROM Checksum

Solution Check cache memory Check BIOS ROM

DRAM test rate

Check DRAM

Keyboard controller test RAM failure

Check keyboard controller Check memory

1-3-1-1 1-3-1-3

1-3-4-1 RAM failure data bits of low memory bus

Check memory Check memory

1-3-4-3 RAM failure data bits of high memory bus 1-4-1-1

Check ROM ROM copyright notice

2-1-2-3 Test for unexpected interrupt

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AWARD BIOS ERROR BEEP CODES Indicator

Error message

Solution

One long beep and two short beeps

Video error

Replace video card

Two short beeps

Non-fatal error

Reset RAM, Check other components.

Directions: Answer the following questions and place your answers on your answer sheet.

1. What does the acronym POST stand for? 2. What are the Three Major Brand of BIOS chips 3. Identify the following error codes:     

1-2-2-3 1-3-4-1 2-1-2-3 1-1-4-1 1-3-1-1

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Directions: Test I. Identify the tools presented below and write your answer in separate paper.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Directions: Test II. List down at list Five (5) common problem and solution. Use a separate sheet of paper if needed. Common Problem

Solution

Task 1.Understanding Hardware Documentation Obtain the manual for the motherboard for your PC. (If you cannot find the manual, try ing it from the motherboard manufacturer’s Web site.) Answer these questions: 1. What processors does the board ? 2. What type of RAM does the board ? 3. What is the maximum RAM the board can hold? 4. If the board has a PCIe slot, what version of PCIe does the board use? 5. What chipset does the board use? Task 2. Teaching Yourself about Windows Meeting Space Using the Windows Help and window, Search for information on Windows MeetingSpace. Describe the tool. When would you want to use it? What can you do with WindowsMeeting Space? Set up and test the tool with a friend on a network connection.

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Task 1. Testing a Computer Unit Equipment, Tools, and Materials: Tools Multi-tester Screw driver Equipment Computer unit Monitor Keyboard and mouse Power cables Materials Bond paper Ruler and Pencil Hardware Testing and Documentation Directions: Test the following computer peripherals and equipment with the use of the tools provider. Document your testing with the use of an accomplishment form.

Assigned Task Hardware component testing

Condition Working properly


Computer monitor Power supply Keyboard Mouse

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You will be assessed using the following criteria

CRITERIA

Percentage

1. Sequence of steps in testing is followed.

20%

2. Safety precautions are observed.

20%

3. Appropriate tools are used in testing.

30%

4. An accomplishment report is created.

30%

Performance Rating

100%

Task 2.Identify Error codes Equipment, Tools, and Materials: Tools Screw drivers Anti-static wrist strap Equipment Computer unit Memory Error Codes Given the tools and equipment, identify the memory error code by removing the module in the computer unit You will be assessed using the following criteria Evaluation: CRITERIA

Percentage

1. Observance of safety precautions.

30%

2. Appropriate tools are used in testing.

30%

3. Identifying the error code.

40% Performance Rating

100%

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POST ASSESSMENT Do the Activity on More Security for Remote Desktop When Enzo travels on company business, he finds it’s a great help to access his office computer from anywhere on the road using Remote Desktop. However, he wants to make sure his office computer as well as the entire corporate network is as safe as possible. One way to help Enzo add more security is to change the port that Remote Desktop uses. Knowledgeable hackers know that Remote Desktop uses port 3389, but if you change this port to a secret port, hackers are less likely to find the open port. Search the Microsoft Knowledge Base articles (.microsoft.com) for a way to change the port that Remote Desktop uses. Practice implementing this change by doing the following: 1. Set up Remote Desktop on a computer to be the host computer. Use another computer (the client computer) to create a Remote Desktop session to the host computer. the session works by transferring files in both directions. 2. Next, change the port that Remote Desktop uses on the host computer to a secret port. Print a screen shot showing how you made the change. Use the client computer to create a Remote Desktop session to the host computer using the secret port. Print a screen shot showing how you made the connection using the secret port. the session works by transferring files in both directions. 3. What secret port did you use?

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Instruction:  

Read each of the questions in the left-hand column of the chart. Place a check on the columnthat indicate your answers

I Can Plan and prepare work to ensure occupational health and safety (OHS) policies and procedures are followed Obtain materials, tools, equipment and testing devices needed to onform with job requirements Interpret work instructions according to job requirements Obtain computer components/devices/systems and determines its location prior to installation Install equipment/devices/systems in accordance with job requirements Check/Test devices/systems and/or installations to determine the conformity to job requirements. Check computer systems and networks for configuration in accordance with specifications and requirements Diagnose fault or problem in the computer systems and networks in line with standard operating procedures (SOP)

YES

NO

Configure the identified systems and networks based on specifications and job requirements Inspect and test configured computer systems and networks in conformity with manufacturer's instructions/manual Correct/Adjust components or parts of computer systems and networks in accordance with job requirements Test computer systems and networks to ensure safe operation Perform scheduled/periodic maintenance in accordance with manufacturer's requirements Make needed repairs/replacements in accordance with established procedures, when necessary Document tasks undertaken in accordance with SOP Clean and clear worksite of all surplus/excess materials in accordance with company SOP

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I. Identify what computer error is illustrated on the following situations. __________1. The LED indicator of your monitor is in steady orange color. _________ 2.When you open your PC, nothing shows up in your monitor and the LED indicator of your monitor is flashing in yellow color. __________3. When you open your PC it will show the processor brand and/or the motherboard brand but doesn't continue. Usually this error will result to system restart over and over again. __________4.This also happens even if you try disconnecting your computer set from the internet. This is what we called aftershock virus which will continue to run even if internet is disconnected. __________5. The computer opens up then boots but when the operating system loads it doesn't continue and it will take a lifetime if you're going to wait for it to load. __________6. This happens even if you try installing the hardware. When you restart your set it will happen again. __________7. When you try going to safe mode all you will see is a list of files in Command prompt style. __________8. Upon loading he operating system, you will hear a loading sound and then the sound stops, when you try running an audio file, no sound will be heard __________9.This will happen only in standby mode, when you move your mouse or type something, your system will automatically restart and the worst part is it will delete a file at random.

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__________10. Just like the mouse problem, when you open a program that will take the whole screen like for example a game and/or a program applications, when you close it, it will cause your system to restart. II. Choose the letter of the best answer: 1) These are moderately dangerous types of errors among those that can pop up on your PC. System errors are caused by malfunctioning hardware components, corrupted operating system modules, etc. a. System error b. Runtime errors

c. Stop errors d. Device managers errors

2) These are caused by corrupted or malfunctioning system files or software executables. Most runtime errors cause the application that caused it to shut down. However, more serious runtime errors may cause the system to become unstable or unresponsive, leaving you with no choice but to reach for the Reset button. a. System error b. Runtime errors


3) These are caused by corrupted hardware, especially malfunctioning RAM modules and bad sectors on hard disks. Stop errors can be difficult to resolve at times. a. System error b. A Runtime errors


4) These are usually caused by corrupted driver files or malfunctioning hardware components. In case of the former cause, the problem is usually solved simply by reinstalling or updating the drivers. However, the latter cause can often be solved only by replacing hardware components. a. System error b. B. Runtime errors


5) Theseare caused by malfunctioning hardware components, and are characterized by short beep sounds from the tiny internal speaker of your motherboard. POST code errors occur when you press the power button to turn on your PC.. a. System error b. B. Runtime errors

c. Application errors d. Post Code errors

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6) These can be caused at any point of time. As the name suggests, these are caused by applications while those are running. These are usually caused by glitches in the program code itself. These are usually resolved by updating the program to its latest version. a. System error c. Application errors b. Browser status errors d. Post Code errors

7) These are caused by problems faced by browsers when trying to access a website. These can be caused by misplaced web pages in the server of the website itself, or due to connection problems. For instance, a 404 error would indicate that the browser is trying to access a webpage that does not exist in the specified location. a. System error c. Application errors b. Browser status errors d. Post Code errors 8) is define as the flow of electron or electric current. It is an invisible form of energy that can be transform into other form of energy like heat light and mechanical. a. electricity c. Proton b. atom d. Post Code errors 9) the amount of pulling force that makes the electron flow. Also known as potential difference or EMF(electromotive force). a. electricity c. Current b. resistance d. Voltage

10) a type of circuit that has an open path for current to flow. It means that current cannot flow in open circuit. a. Open circuit b. resistance

c. Current circuit d. close circuit

III. Match Column A with Column B Column A 1. Used for installing and removing screws in the computer unit. 2. Used for picking small parts in the computer unit. 3. Used for eliminating electrostatic discharge in the work area. 4. Primarily used for connecting terminals in the power supply and circuit board with the use of a soldering lead. 5. It is a paste used for heat

Column B A. Screw drivers B. Pliers and tweezers C. Soldering iron D. Lens cleaner

E. Anti-static wrist strap, mat and cclxv

dissipation of the processor. 6. A device used for cleaning optical media, such as DVD-ROMS and CD-writers. 7. A device used to crimp the RJ45 connector to the UTP cable 8. A device used for testing the network connection

spray F. Thermal paste

G. LAN Tester H. Crimping tool I.

Systems Tool Box

IV. Arrange the following steps in ing the correct protocols are installed on the computer. _____Within the configuration tab double-click the T/IP protocol icon. Note: Do not click on the PPP or Dial-Up adapter, click on the network card adapter. _____Select the option to specify an IP address _____Click Start / Settings / Control _____Double-click the Network icon _____In the T/IP properties click the IP address tab _____When specifying these values, the computers on the network must all have the same Subnet Mask and have a different IP Address. For example, when using the above values on one computer you would want to use an IP address of 102.55.92.2 on another computer and then specify the same Subnet Mask. _____Enter the IP address and Subnet Mask address, an example of such an address could be:IP Address: 102.55.92.1, Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192

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V. List down at list Five (5) common computer problems and solutions. Common Computer Problems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Solutions

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Books and Articles and Printed Materials: Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256 Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256 Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256 Ronaldo V. Ramiloand Deover M. Pasco , K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum- Technology and Livelihood EducationLearning Module –Computer Hardware Servicing JethroCampos , et.al , Competency – Based Learning Materials for Strengthening Technical Vocational Education Program

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Computer System - The complete computer made up of the U, memory and related electronics (main cabinet), all the peripheral devices connected to it and its operating system. Computer systems fall into two broad divisions: clients and servers. Client machines fall into three categories from low to high end: laptop, desktop and workstation. Servers range from small to large: lowend servers, midrange servers and mainframes. Configuration - The makeup of a system. To "configure" is to choose options in order to create a custom system. "Configurability" is a system's ability to be changed or customized. Connector - Any plug and socket that links two devices together. Although taken for granted and rarely in the limelight, connectors are a huge industry, and the quality of these components is more critical than most people would imagine. When not designed or constructed properly, they often become the weakest element in an electronic system. Display Adapter- A plug-in card in a desktop computer that converts the images created in the computer to the electronic signals required by the monitor. It determines the maximum resolution, refresh rate and number of colors that can be displayed, which the monitor must also be able to . On many PC motherboards, the display adapter circuits are built into the chipset, and an AGP or PCI card is not required. ESD (Electro Static Discharge)-A small amount of static electricity that can destroy small parts of your computer. Expansion Board - A printed circuit board that plugs into an expansion slot and extends the computer's capability to control a peripheral device. All the boards (cards) that plug into a computer's bus are expansion boards, such as display adapters, disk controllers, network adapters and sound cards. Expansion Bus - An input/output bus typically comprised of a series of slots on the motherboard. Expansion boards (cards) are plugged into the bus. ISA and PCI are the common expansion buses in a PC. Graphical Interface- A graphics-based interface that incorporates movable windows, icons and a mouse. The ability to resize application windows and change style and size of fonts are the significant advantages of a GUI vs. a character-based interface. GUIs have become the standard way s interact with a computer, and the major GUIs are the Windows and Mac interfaces along with Motif for Unix and the GNOME and KDE interfaces for Linux.

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Motherboard - Also called the "system board," it is the main printed circuit board in an electronic device, which contains sockets that accept additional boards. In a desktop computer, the motherboard contains the U, chipset, PCI bus slots, AGP slot, memory sockets and controller circuits for the keyboard, mouse, disks and printer. It may also have built-in controllers for modem, sound, display and network, obviating the need to plug in a card. A laptop motherboard typically has all peripheral controllers built in. Operating System - The master control program that runs the computer. The first program loaded when the computer is turned on, its main part, the "kernel," resides in memory at all times. The operating system sets the standards for all application programs that run in the computer. The applications "talk to" the operating system for all interface and file management operations. Also called an "executive" or "supervisor," an operating system performs the following functions. Peripheral -Any hardware device connected to a computer, such as a monitor, keyboard, printer, disk, tape, graphics tablet, scanner, joy stick, paddle or mouse Server - A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple s. Servers come in all sizes from x86-based PCs to IBM mainframes. A server may have a keyboard, monitor and mouse directly attached, or one keyboard, monitor and mouse may connect to any number of servers via a KVM switch. Servers may be also be accessed only through a network connection as well.

Sound Card- Also called a "sound board" or "audio adapter," it is a computer expansion board that records and plays back sound, providing inputs from a microphone or other sound source and outputs to speakers or an external amplifier. The de facto standard for sound card compatibility in PCs is Creative Labs' Sound Blaster. Interface - All graphics based today, the interface includes the windows, menus and method of interaction between you and the computer. Prior to the Mac, Windows and Motif (Unix) interfaces, all interaction was based on commands entered by the . Operating systems may optional interfaces and allow a new shell, or skin, to be used instead. Virus- Software used to infect a computer. After the virus code is written, it is buried within an existing program. Once that program is executed, the virus code is activated and attaches copies of itself to other programs in the system. Infected programs copy the virus to other programs.

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