Easa Part-66 Syllabus 1tw48

L 315/84

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

28.11.2003

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS Level

1.1 Arithmetic

A

B1

B2

1

2

2

1

2

2

—

1

1

—

1

1

2

2

2

—

2

2

Arithmetical and signs, methods of multiplication and division, fractions and decimals, factors and multiples, weights, measures and conversion factors, ratio and proportion, averages and percentages, areas and volumes, squares, cubes, square and cube roots. 1.2 Algebra (a) Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions; (b) Linear equations and their solutions; Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices; Binary and other applicable numbering systems; Simultaneous equations and second degree equations with one unknown; logarithms; 1.3 Geometry (a) Simple geometrical constructions; (b) Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs, graphs of equations/functions; (c) Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates.

MODULE 2. PHYSICS Level

2.1 Matter

A

B1

B2

1

1

1

1

2

1

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules; Chemical compounds. States: solid, liquid and gaseous; Changes between states. 2.2 Mechanics 2.2.1 Statics Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors; Centre of gravity. Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion;

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/85 Level

A

B1

B2

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

1

2

1

2

2

2

—

2

2

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas; Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers). 2.2.2 Kinetics Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity); Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces); Periodic motion: pendular movement; Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance; Velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency. 2.2.3 Dynamics (a) Mass Force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency; (b) Momentum, conservation of momentum; Impulse; Gyroscopic principles; Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance). 2.2.4 Fluid dynamics (a) Specific gravity and density; (b) Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining; effects of compressibility on fluids; Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli's Theorem, venturi. 2.3 Thermodynamics (a) Temperature: thermometers and temperature Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin; Heat definition. (b) Heat capacity, specific heat; Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction; Volumetric expansion; First and second law of thermodynamics;

scales:

L 315/86

EN


28.11.2003 Level

A

B1

B2

—

2

2

—

2

2

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas; Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps; Latent heats of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion. 2.4 Optics (Light) Nature of light; speed of light; Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces, reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses; Fibre optics. 2.5 Wave Motion and Sound Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion, interference phenomena, standing waves; Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and quality, Doppler effect.

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

Level

3.1 Electron Theory

A

B1

B2

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds; Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators. 3.2 Static Electricity and Conduction Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges; Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion; Units of charge, Coulomb's Law; Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum. 3.3 Electrical Terminology The following , their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/87 Level

3.4 Generation of Electricity

A

B1

B2

1

1

1

1

2

2

—

2

2

—

2

2

—

1

1

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion. 3.5 DC Sources of Electricity Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cium cells, other alkaline cells; Cells connected in series and parallel; Internal resistance and its effect on a battery; Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples; Operation of photo-cells. 3.6 DC Circuits Ohms Law, Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws; Calculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and current; Significance of the internal resistance of a supply. 3.7 Resistance/Resistor (a) Resistance and affecting factors; Specific resistance; Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings; Resistors in series and parallel; Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series parallel combinations; Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; Operation of Wheatstone Bridge. (b) Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance; Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction; Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; Construction of potentiometers and rheostats; Construction of Wheatstone Bridge;

L 315/88

EN


28.11.2003 Level

3.8 Power

A

B1

B2

—

2

2

—

2

2

—

2

2

—

2

2

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential); Dissipation of power by a resistor; Power formula; Calculations involving power, work and energy. 3.9 Capacitance/Capacitor Operation and function of a capacitor; Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating; Capacitor types, construction and function; Capacitor colour coding; Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits; Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants; Testing of capacitors. 3.10 Magnetism (a) Theory of magnetism; Properties of a magnet; Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field; Magnetisation and demagnetisation; Magnetic shielding; Various types of magnetic material; Electromagnets construction and principles of operation; Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor. (b) Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents; Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

28.11.2003


EN

L 315/89 Level

3.11 Inductance/Inductor

A

B1

B2

—

2

2

—

2

2

1

2

2

Faraday's Law; Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field; Induction principles; Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux, number of conductor turns; Mutual induction; The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage; Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other; Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; Back emf, self induction; Saturation point; Principle uses of inductors; 3.12 DC Motor/Generator Theory Basic motor and generator theory; Construction and generator;

purpose

of components in

DC

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators; Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors; Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors; Starter Generator construction. 3.13 AC Theory Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle; Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of these values, in relation to voltage, current and power Triangular/Square waves; Single/3 phase principles.

L 315/90

EN


28.11.2003 Level

3.14 Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits

A

B1

B2

—

2

2

—

2

2

—

1

1

—

2

2

—

2

2

Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel; Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits; Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations; True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations. 3.15 Transformers Transformer construction principles and operation; Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them; Transformer action under load and no-load conditions; Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings; Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents; Calculation of power in a three phase system; Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency; Auto transformers. 3.16 Filters Operation, application and uses of the following filters: low , high , band , band stop. 3.17 AC Generators Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced; Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators; Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators; Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses; Permanent Magnet Generators. 3.18 AC Motors Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase; Methods of speed control and direction of rotation; Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/91

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

Level A

B1

B2

—

2

2

—

—

2

—

1

2

—

—

2

4.1 Semiconductors 4.1.1 Diodes (a) Diode symbols; Diode characteristics and properties; Diodes in series and parallel; Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes; Functional testing of diodes. (b) Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties; P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters; PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions; Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation; Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers; Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Shottky diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, Zener diode. 4.1.2 Transistors (a) Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation; Transistor characteristics and properties. (b) Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors; Base, collector and emitter configurations; Testing of transistors.

L 315/92

EN


28.11.2003 Level

A

B1

B2

—

1

—

—

—

2

—

1

2

—

1

—

—

—

2

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses. Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A, B, C); Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, and stabilisation; Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits. 4.1.3 Integrated Circuits (a) Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers. (b) Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits; Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator; Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct; Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative . 4.2 Printed Circuit Boards Description and use of printed circuit boards. 4.3 Servomechanisms (a) Understanding of the following : Open and closed loop systems, , follow up, analogue transducers; Principles of operation and use of the following synchro system components/features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters. (b) Understanding of the following : Open and closed loop, follow up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, , deadband; Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters; Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

28.11.2003


EN

L 315/93

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS Level

5.1 Electronic Instrument Systems

A

B1.1 B1.3

B1.2 B1.4

B2

1

2

2

3

—

1

—

2

—

1

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

—

—

2

1

2

—

—

—

—

—

2

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. 5.2 Numbering Systems Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal; Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa. 5.3 Data Conversion Analogue Data, Digital Data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types. 5.4 Data Buses Operation of data buses in aircraft systems, including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications. 5.5 Logic Circuits (a) Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits; Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams. (b) Interpretation of logic diagrams. 5.6 Basic Computer Structure (a) Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hardware, U, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM); Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems). (b) Computer related terminology; Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems; Information contained in single and multiaddress instruction words; Memory associated ; Operation of typical memory devices; Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.

L 315/94

EN


28.11.2003 Level

5.7 Microprocessors

A

B1.1 B1.3

B1.2 B1.4

B2

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

2

—

1

1

2

—

2

—

2

1

2

2

2

—

2

1

2

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor; Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, , arithmetic logic unit. 5.8 Integrated Circuits Operation and use of encoders and decoders; Function of encoder types; Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration. 5.9 Multiplexing Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. 5.10 Fibre Optics Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation; Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related ; Terminations; Couplers, control terminals, remote terminals; Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems. 5.11 Electronic Displays Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including Cathode Ray Tubes, Light Emitting Diodes and Liquid Crystal Display. 5.12 Electrostatic Sensitive Devices Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges; Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices. 5.13 Software Management Control Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/95 Level

5.14 Electromagnetic Environment

A

B1.1 B1.3

B1.2 B1.4

B2

—

2

2

2

—

2

2

2

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:

EMC-Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMI-Electromagnetic Interference

HIRF-High Intensity Radiated Field

Lightning/lightning protection

5.15 Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems

General arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated BITE

(Built In Test Equipment) testing such as:

ACARS-ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System

ECAM-Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring

EFIS-Electronic Flight Instrument System

EICAS-Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System

FBW-Fly by Wire

FMS-Flight Management System

GPS-Global Positioning System

IRS-Inertial Reference System

TCAS-Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System

L 315/96

EN


28.11.2003

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE Level A

B1

B2

1

2

1

—

1

1

1

2

1

—

1

1

1

2

2

1

2

—

1

2

—

6.1 Aircraft Materials — Ferrous (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft; Heat treatment and application of alloy steels; (b) Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance. 6.2 Aircraft Materials — Non-Ferrous (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft; Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials; (b) Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance. 6.3 Aircraft Materials — Composite and Non-Metallic 6.3.1 Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric (a) Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft; Sealant and bonding agents. (b) The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material. Repair of composite and non-metallic material. 6.3.2 Wooden structures Construction methods of wooden airframe structures; Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes; Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure; Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures; The detection of defects in wooden structure; Repair of wooden structure.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/97 Level

6.3.3 Fabric covering

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

1

1

2

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes; Inspections methods for fabric; Types of defects in fabric; Repair of fabric covering. 6.4 Corrosion (a) Chemical fundamentals; Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress; (b) Types of corrosion and their identification; Causes of corrosion; Material types, susceptibility to corrosion. 6.5 Fasteners 6.5.1 Screw threads Screw nomenclature; Thread forms, dimensions and tolerances for standard threads used in aircraft; Measuring screw threads; 6.5.2 Bolts, studs and screws Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards; Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types; Machine screws: aircraft specifications; Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal; Self tapping screws, dowels. 6.5.3 Locking devices Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

L 315/98

EN


28.11.2003 Level

6.5.4 Aircraft rivets

A

B1

B2

1

2

1

2

2

2

2

2

1

—

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification, heat treatment. 6.6 Pipes and Unions (a) Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft; (b) Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes. 6.7 Springs Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. 6.8 Bearings Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. 6.9 Transmissions Gear types and their application; Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns; Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets. 6.10 Control Cables Types of cables; End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices; Pulleys and cable system components; Bowden cables; Aircraft flexible control systems. 6.11 Electrical Cables and Connectors Cable types, construction and characteristics; High tension and co-axial cables; Crimping; Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/99

MODULE 7. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

Level

7.1 Safety Precautions-Aircraft and Workshop

A

B1

B2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

—

2

3

1

2

2

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals. Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents. 7.2 Workshop Practices Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials; Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship; Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards. 7.3 Tools Common hand tool types; Common power tool types; Operation and use of precision measuring tools; Lubrication equipment and methods. Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment; 7.4 Avionic General Test Equipment Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. 7.5 Engineering Drawings, Diagrams and Standards Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections; Identifying title block information; Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations; Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America; Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL; Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

L 315/100

EN


28.11.2003 Level

7.6 Fits and Clearances

A

B1

B2

1

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits; Common system of fits and clearances; Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines; Limits for bow, twist and wear; Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts. 7.7 Electrical Cables and Connectors Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing; Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated; Testing of crimp ts; Connector pin removal and insertion; Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions; Wiring protection techniques: Cable looming and loom , cable clamps, protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding. 7.8 Riveting Riveted ts, rivet spacing and pitch; Tools used for riveting and dimpling; Inspection of riveted ts. 7.9 Pipes and Hoses Bending and belling/flaring aircraft pipes; Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses; Installation and clamping of pipes. 7.10 Springs Inspection and testing of springs. 7.11 Bearings Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings; Lubrication requirements of bearings; Defects in bearings and their causes.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/101 Level

7.12 Transmissions

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

—

2

—

—

2

—

—

2

2

—

2

—

—

2

2

—

2

—

Inspection of gears, backlash; Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets; Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems. 7.13 Control Cables Swaging of end fittings; Inspection and testing of control cables; Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems. 7.14 Material handling 7.14.1 Sheet Metal Marking out and calculation of bend allowance; Sheet metal working, including bending and forming; Inspection of sheet metal work. 7.14.2 Composite and non-metallic Bonding practices; Environmental conditions Inspection methods 7.15 Welding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding (a) Soldering methods; inspection of soldered ts. (b) Welding and brazing methods; Inspection of welded and brazed ts; Bonding methods and inspection of bonded ts. 7.16 Aircraft Weight and Balance (a) Centre of Gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents; (b) Preparation of aircraft for weighing; Aircraft weighing;

L 315/102

EN


28.11.2003 Level

7.17 Aircraft Handling and Storage

A

B1

B2

2

2

2

2

3

2

—

2

—

—

2

1

2

2

2

—

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

—

Aircraft taxiing/towing and associated safety precautions; Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions; Aircraft storage methods; Refuelling/defuelling procedures; De-icing/anti-icing procedures; Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies. Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation. 7.18 Disassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly Techniques (a) Types of defects and visual inspection techniques. Corrosion removal, assessment and reprotection. (b) General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual; Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes; (c) Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods. (d) Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. (e) Trouble shooting techniques 7.19 Abnormal Events (a) Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration. (b) Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/103 Level

7.20 Maintenance Procedures

A

B1

B2

1

2

2

Maintenance planning; Modification procedures; Stores procedures; Certification/release procedures; Interface with aircraft operation; Maintenance Inspection/Quality Control/Quality Assurance; Additional maintenance procedures. Control of life limited components

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS

Level

8.1 Physics of the Atmosphere

A

B1

B2

1

2

2

1

2

2

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics. 8.2 Aerodynamics Airflow around a body; Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation; The : camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio; Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant; Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall; Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

L 315/104

EN


28.11.2003 Level

8.3 Theory of Flight

A

B1

B2

1

2

2

1

2

2

Relationship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio; Steady state flights, performance; Theory of the turn; Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations; Lift augmentation. 8.4 Flight Stability and Dynamics Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and ive).

MODULE 9. HUMAN FACTORS Level

9.1 General

A

B1

B2

1

2

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

The need to take human factors into ; Incidents attributable to human factors/human error; ‘Murphy's’ law. 9.2 Human Performance and Limitations Vision; Hearing; Information processing; Attention and perception; Memory; Claustrophobia and physical access. 9.3 Social Psychology Responsibility: individual and group; Motivation and de-motivation; Peer pressure; ‘Culture’ issues; Team working; Management, supervision and leadership.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/105 Level

9.4 Factors Affecting Performance

A

B1

B2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

1

2

2

Fitness/health; Stress: domestic and work related; Time pressure and deadlines; Workload: overload and underload; Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork; Alcohol, medication, drug abuse. 9.5 Physical Environment Noise and fumes; Illumination; Climate and temperature; Motion and vibration; Working environment. 9.6 Tasks Physical work; Repetitive tasks; Visual inspection; Complex systems. 9.7 Communication Within and between teams; Work logging and recording; Keeping up to date, currency; Dissemination of information. 9.8 Human Error Error models and theories; Types of error in maintenance tasks; Implications of errors (i.e accidents) Avoiding and managing errors. 9.9 Hazards in the Workplace Recognising and avoiding hazards; Dealing with emergencies.

L 315/106

EN


28.11.2003

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION

Level

10.1 Regulatory Framework

A

B1

B2

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

—

1

1

—

2

2

2

2

2

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation; Role of EASA; Role of the Member States; Relationship between Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and PartM; Relationship with other Aviation Authorities. 10.2 Part-66 — Certifying Staff — Maintenance Detailed understanding of Part-66. 10.3 Part-145 — Approved Maintenance Organisations Detailed understanding of Part-145. 10.4 JAR-OPS — Commercial Air Transportation Air Operators Certificates; Operators Responsibilities; Documents to be Carried; Aircraft Placarding (Markings); 10.5 Aircraft Certification (a) General Certification rules: such as EACS 23/25/27/29; Type Certification; Supplemental Type Certification; Part-21 Design/Production Organisation Approvals. (b) Documents Certificate of Airworthiness; Certificate of Registration; Noise Certificate; Weight Schedule; Radio Station Licence and Approval. 10.6 Part-M Detailed understanding of Part-M.

28.11.2003


EN

L 315/107 Level

A

B1

B2

1

2

2

—

1

1

10.7 Applicable National and International Requirements for (if not superseded by EU requirements) (a) Maintenance inspections;

Programmes,

Maintenance

checks

and

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch Deviation Lists; Airworthiness Directives; Service Bulletins, manufacturers service information; Modifications and repairs; Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.; (b) Continuing airworthiness; Test flights; ETOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements; All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations and minimum equipment requirements.

MODULE 11A. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

Level A1

B1.1

B2

1

2

—

11.1 Theory of Flight 11.1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Operation and effect of: — roll control: ailerons and spoilers; — pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards; — yaw control, rudder limiters; Control using elevons, ruddervators; High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

L 315/108

EN


28.11.2003 Level

A1

B1.1

B2

1

2

—

2

2

—

1

2

—

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges; Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices; Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance s; 11.1.2 High Speed Flight Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight, Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule; Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft; Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number. 11.2 Airframe Structures — General Concepts (a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Lightning strike protection provision. Aircraft bonding (b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/109 Level

A1

B1.1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning. Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. 11.3 Airframe Structures — Aeroplanes 11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) Construction and pressurisation sealing; Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage attachments; Seat installation and cargo loading system; Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices; Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms. 11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57) Construction; Fuel storage; Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments. 11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55) Construction; Control surface attachment. 11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) Construction and attachment; Balancing — mass and aerodynamic. 11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) Construction; Firewalls; Engine mounts. 11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21) 11.4.1 Air supply Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart;

L 315/110

EN


28.11.2003 Level

11.4.2 Air Conditioning

A1

B1.1

B2

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

2

—

1

1

—

1

3

—

Air conditioning systems; Air cycle and vapour cycle machines; Distribution systems; Flow, temperature and humidity control system. 11.4.3 Pressurisation Pressurisation systems; Control and indication including control and safety valves; Cabin pressure controllers. 11.4.4 Safety and warning devices Protection and warning devices. 11.5 Instruments/Avionic Systems 11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Comes: direct reading, remote reading; Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems; Other aircraft system indication. 11.5.2 Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of; Auto Flight (ATA 22); Communications (ATA 23); Navigation Systems (ATA 34). 11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation; DC power generation; AC power generation; Emergency power generation; Voltage regulation; Power distribution; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers; Circuit protection. External/Ground power;

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/111 Level

A1

B1.1

B2

2

2

—

1

1

—

1

3

—

Portable fire extinguisher

1

1

—

11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27)

1

3

—

11.7 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) (a) Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts. (b) Cabin lay-out; Equipment lay-out; Cabin Furnishing Installation; Cabin entertainment equipment; Galley installation; Cargo handling and retention equipment; Airstairs. 11.8 Fire Protection (ATA 26) (a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests. (b)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler; Trim control; Active load control; High lift devices; Lift dump, speed brakes; System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire; Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems; Balancing and rigging; Stall protection/warning system.

L 315/112

EN


28.11.2003 Level

11.10 Fuel Systems (ATA 28)

A1

B1.1

B2

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

2

3

—

System lay-out; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Dumping, venting and draining; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling; Longitudinal balance fuel systems. 11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) System lay-out; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic; Emergency pressure generation; Pressure Control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems; Interface with other systems. 11.12 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) Ice formation, classification and detection; Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical; De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical; Rain repellant; Probe and drain heating. Wiper systems 11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32) Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking; Tyres; Steering.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/113 Level

11.14 Lights (ATA 33)

A1

B1.1

B2

2

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

2

3

—

1

2

—

External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; Emergency. 11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35) System lay-out: cockpit, cabin; Sources, storage, charging and distribution; Supply regulation; Indications and warnings; 11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) System lay-out; Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; Pressure control; Distribution; Indications and warnings; Interfaces with other systems. 11.17 Water/Waste (ATA 38) Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining; Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing; Corrosion aspects. 11.18 On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) Central maintenance computers; Data loading system; Electronic library system; Printing; Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

L 315/114


EN

28.11.2003

MODULE 11B. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

Note: The scope of this Module should reflect the technology of aeroplanes pertinent to the A2 and B1.2 subcategory.

Level A2

B1.2

B2

1

2

—

—

—

—

2

2

—

11.1 Theory of Flight 11.1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Operation and effect of: — roll control: ailerons and spoilers; — pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards; — yaw control, rudder limiters; Control using elevons, ruddervators; High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons; Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges; Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices; Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance s; 11.1.2 High Speed Flight — N/A 11.2 Airframe Structures — General Concepts (a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Lightning strike protection provision. Aircraft bonding

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/115 Level

(b)

A2

B1.2

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning; Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. 11.3 Airframe Structures — Aeroplanes 11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) Construction and pressurisation sealing; Wing, tail-plane pylon and undercarriage attachments; Seat installation; Doors and emergency exits: construction and operation; Window and windscreen attachment. 11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57) Construction; Fuel storage; Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments. 11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55) Construction; Control surface attachment. 11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) Construction and attachment; Balancing — mass and aerodynamic. 11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) (a) Nacelles/Pylons: — Construction; — Firewalls; — Engine mounts.

L 315/116

EN


28.11.2003 Level

11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)

A2

B1.2

B2

1

3

—

1

2

—

1

1

—

1

3

—

2

2

—

1

1

—

Pressurisation and air conditioning systems; Cabin pressure controllers, protection and warning devices. 11.5 Instruments/Avionic Systems 11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Comes: direct reading, remote reading; Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems. Other aircraft system indication. 11.5.2 Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of: — Auto Flight (ATA 22); — Communications (ATA 23); — Navigation Systems (ATA 34). 11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation; DC power generation; Voltage regulation; Power distribution; Circuit protection; Inverters, transformers. 11.7 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) (a) Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts. (b) Cabin lay-out; Equipment lay-out; Cabin Furnishing Installation (level 2); Cabin entertainment equipment; Galley installation; Cargo handling and retention equipment; Airstairs.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/117 Level

A2

B1.2

B2

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

11.8 Fire Protection (ATA 26) (a) Fire extinguishing systems; Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; System tests. (b) Portable fire extinguisher. 11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27) Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder; Trim tabs; High lift devices; System operation: manual; Gust locks; Balancing and rigging; Stall warning system. 11.10 Fuel Systems (ATA 28) System lay-out; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling. 11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) System lay-out; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical; Pressure Control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems.

L 315/118

EN


28.11.2003 Level

11.12 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

A2

B1.2

B2

1

3

—

2

3

—

2

2

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

Ice formation, classification and detection; De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical; Probe and drain heating; Wiper systems. 11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32) Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking; Tyres; Steering. 11.14 Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation, anti collision, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; Emergency. 11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35) System lay-out: cockpit, cabin; Sources, storage, charging and distribution; Supply regulation; Indications and warnings; 11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) System lay-out; Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; Pressure control; Distribution; Indications and warnings; Interfaces with other systems.

28.11.2003


EN

L 315/119 Level

11.17 Water/Waste (ATA 38)

A2

B1.2

B2

2

3

—

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining; Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing; Corrosion aspects.

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Level

12.1 Theory of Flight — Rotary Wing Aerodynamics

A3 A4

B1.3 B1.4

B2

1

2

—

2

3

—

Terminology; Effects of gyroscopic precession; Torque reaction and directional control; Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall; Translating tendency and its correction; Coriolis effect and compensation; Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching; Auto-rotation; Ground effect. 12.2 Flight Control Systems Cyclic control; Collective control; Swashplate; Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air; Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features; Blade Dampers: Function and construction; Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment; Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers; System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-bywire; Artificial feel; Balancing and Rigging.

L 315/120

EN


28.11.2003 Level

12.3 Blade Tracking and Vibration Analysis

A3 A4

B1.3 B1.4

B2

1

3

—

1

3

—

2

2

—

1

2

—

Rotor alignment; Main and tail rotor tracking; Static and dynamic balancing; Vibration types, vibration reduction methods; Ground resonance. 12.4 Transmissions Gear boxes, main and tail rotors; Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake. 12.5 Airframe Structures (a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Lightning strike protection provision. (b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection. Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments; Seat installation; Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices; Windows and windscreen construction; Fuel storage; Firewalls; Engine mounts; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/121 Level

A3 A4

B1.3 B1.4

B2

1

2

—

1

3

—

1

2

—

1

1

—

1

3

—

2

2

—

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning. Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. 12.6 Air Conditioning (ATA 21) 12.6.1 Air supply Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart; 12.6.2 Air Conditioning Air conditioning systems; Distribution systems; Flow and temperature control systems; Protection and warning devices. 12.7 Instruments/Avionic Systems 12.7.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pitot static:altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic:artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Comes: direct reading, remote reading; Vibration indicating systems — HUMS; Other aircraft system indication. 12.7.2 Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of: Auto Flight (ATA 22); Communications (ATA 23); Navigation Systems (ATA 34). 12.8 Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation; DC power generation, AC power generation; Emergency power generation; Voltage regulation, Circuit protection. Power distribution; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers; External/Ground power. 12.9 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) (a) Emergency equipment requirements;

L 315/122

EN


28.11.2003 Level

A3 A4

B1.3 B1.4

B2

1

1

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

1

3

—

Seats, harnesses and belts; Lifting systems. (b) Emergency flotation systems; Cabin lay-out, cargo retention; Equipment lay-out; Cabin Furnishing Installation. 12.10 Fire Protection (ATA 26) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests. 12.11 Fuel Systems (ATA 28) System lay-out; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Dumping, venting and draining; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling. 12.12 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) System lay-out; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic; Emergency pressure generation; Pressure Control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems; Interface with other systems.

28.11.2003


EN

L 315/123 Level

12.13 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

A3 A4

B1.3 B1.4

B2

1

3

—

2

3

—

2

3

—

1

3

—

Ice formation, classification and detection; Anti-icing and de-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical; Rain repellant and removal; Probe and drain heating. 12.14 Landing Gear (ATA 32) Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, tyres, brakes; Steering; Skids, floats. 12.15 Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; Emergency. 12.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) System lay-out; Sources: engine, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply.; Pressure control; Distribution; Indications and warnings; Interfaces with other systems.

MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Level A

B1

B2

—

—

1

13.1 Theory of Flight (a) Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Operation and effect of: — roll control: ailerons and spoilers; — pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards; — yaw control, rudder limiters;

L 315/124

EN


28.11.2003 Level

A

B1

B2

—

—

1

—

—

1

—

—

1

—

—

2

—

—

3

Control using elevons, ruddervators; High lift devices: slots, slats, flaps; Drag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; Operation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs, control surface bias. (b) High Speed Flight Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight, Mach number, critical Mach number. (c) Rotary Wing Aerodynamics Terminology; Operation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls. 13.2 Structures — General Concepts (a) Fundamentals of structural systems. (b) Zonal and station identification systems; Electrical bonding; Lightning strike protection provision. 13.3 Autoflight (ATA 22) Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles and current terminology; Command signal processing; Modes of operation: roll, pitch and yaw channels; Yaw dampers; Stability Augmentation System in helicopters; Automatic trim control;

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/125 Level

A

B1

B2

—

—

3

—

—

3

Autopilot navigation aids interface;

Autothrottle systems.

Automatic Landing Systems: principles and categories, modes of operation, approach, glideslope, land, go-around, system monitors and failure conditions.

13.4 Communication/Navigation (ATA 23/34)

Fundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission lines, communication, receiver and transmitter;

Working principles of following systems: — Very High Frequency (VHF) communication; — High Frequency (HF) communication; — Audio; — Emergency Locator Transmitters; — Cockpit Voice Recorder; — Very High Frequency omnidirectional range (VOR); — Automatic Direction Finding (ADF); — Instrument Landing System (ILS); — Microwave Landing System (MLS); — Flight Director systems; Distance Measuring Equipment (DME); — Very Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/ Omega); — Doppler navigation; — Area navigation, RNAV systems; — Flight Management Systems; — Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); — Inertial Navigation System; — Air Traffic Control transponder, secondary surveillance radar; — Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS); — Weather avoidance radar; — Radio altimeter; — ARINC communication and reporting;

13.5 Electrical Power (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

L 315/126

EN


28.11.2003 Level

A

B1

B2

—

—

3

—

—

1

—

—

2

—

—

2

Voltage regulation; Power distribution; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers; Circuit protection; External/Ground power. 13.6 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) Electronic emergency equipment requirements; Cabin entertainment equipment. Flight Controls (ATA 27) (a) Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler; Trim control; Active load control; High lift devices; Lift dump, speed brakes; System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic; Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks. Stall protection systems. (b) System operation: electrical, fly by wire. 13.8 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Classification; Atmosphere; Terminology; Pressure measuring devices and systems; Pitot static systems; Altimeters; Vertical speed indicators; Airspeed indicators; Machmeters; Altitude reporting/alerting systems; Air data computers; Instrument pneumatic systems; Direct reading pressure and temperature gauges; Temperature indicating systems; Fuel quantity indicating systems;

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/127 Level

A

B1

B2

—

—

3

—

—

2

Gyroscopic principles; Artificial horizons; Slip indicators; Directional gyros; Ground Proximity Warning Systems; Com systems; Flight Data Recording systems; Electronic Flight Instrument Systems; Instrument warning systems including master warning systems and centralised warning s; Stall warning systems and angle of attack indicating systems; Vibration measurement and indication. 13.9 Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; Emergency. 13.10 On board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) Central maintenance computers; Data loading system; Electronic library system; Printing; Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

MODULE 14 PROPULSION Level A

B1

B2

—

—

1

—

—

2

14.1 Turbine Engines (a) Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft and turbopropeller engines; (b) Electronic Engine control and fuel metering systems (FADEC).

L 315/128

EN


28.11.2003 Level

14.2 Engine Indicating Systems

A

B1

B2

—

—

2

Exhaust gas temperature/Interstage turbine temperature systems; Engine speed; Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems; Oil pressure and temperature; Fuel pressure, temperature and flow; Manifold pressure; Engine torque; Propeller speed.

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE

Level

15.1 Fundamentals

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

—

2

—

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle; The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration; Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop. 15.2 Engine Performance Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption; Engine efficiencies; By- ratio and engine pressure ratio; Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow; Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/129 Level

15.3 Inlet

A

B1

B2

2

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

2

2

—

1

2

—

—

2

—

1

2

—

Compressor inlet ducts Effects of various inlet configurations; Ice protection. 15.4 Compressors Axial and centrifugal types; Constructional features and operating principles and applications; Fan balancing; Operation: Causes and effects of compressor stall and surge; Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades; Compressor ratio. 15.5 Combustion Section Constructional features and principles of operation. 15.6 Turbine Section Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types; Blade to disk attachment; Nozzle guide vanes; Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep. 15.7 Exhaust Constructional features and principles of operation; Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles; Engine noise reduction; Thrust reversers. 15.8 Bearings and Seals Constructional features and principles of operation. 15.9 Lubricants and Fuels Properties and specifications; Fuel additives; Safety precautions.

L 315/130

EN


28.11.2003 Level

15.10 Lubrication Systems

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

—

1

—

1

2

—

System operation/lay-out and components. 15.11 Fuel Systems Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC); Systems lay-out and components. 15.12 Air Systems Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal cooling, sealing and external air services. 15.13 Starting and Ignition Systems Operation of engine start systems and components; Ignition systems and components; Maintenance safety requirements. 15.14 Engine Indication Systems Exhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage Turbine Temperature; Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems; Oil pressure and temperature; Fuel pressure and flow; Engine speed; Vibration measurement and indication; Torque; Power. 15.15 Power Augmentation Systems Operation and applications; Water injection, water methanol; Afterburner systems. 15.16 Turbo-prop Engines Gas coupled/free turbine and gear coupled turbines; Reduction gears; Integrated engine and propeller controls; Overspeed safety devices.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/131 Level

15.17 Turbo-shaft engines

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

3

—

—

2

—

Arrangements, drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control systems. 15.18 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Purpose, operation, protective systems. 15.19 Powerplant Installation Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic s, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains. 15.20 Fire Protection Systems Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. 15.21 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Procedures for starting and ground run-up; Interpretation of engine power output and parameters; Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring; Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer; Compressor washing/cleaning; Foreign Object Damage. 15.22 Engine Storage and Preservation Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems.

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE Level

16.1 Fundamentals

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies; Operating principles — 2 stroke, 4 stroke, Otto and Diesel; Piston displacement and compression ratio; Engine configuration and firing order. 16.2 Engine Performance Power calculation and measurement; Factors affecting engine power; Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

L 315/132


EN

28.11.2003 Level

16.3 Engine Construction

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps; Accessory gearbox; Cylinder and piston assemblies; Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds; Valve mechanisms; Propeller reduction gearboxes. 16.4 Engine Fuel Systems 16.4.1 Carburettors Types, construction and principles of operation; Icing and heating. 16.4.2 Fuel injection systems Types, construction and principles of operation. 16.4.3 Electronic engine control Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC); Systems lay-out and components. 16.5 Starting and Ignition Systems Starting systems, pre-heat systems; Magneto types, construction and principles of operation; Ignition harnesses, spark plugs; Low and high tension systems. 16.6 Induction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems Construction and operation including alternate air systems;

of:

induction

systems

Exhaust systems, engine cooling systems — air and liquid. 16.7 Supercharging/Turbocharging Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters; Construction and operation of supercharging/turbocharging systems; System terminology; Control systems; System protection.

28.11.2003

EN


L 315/133 Level

16.8 Lubricants and Fuels

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

2

—

1

3

—

—

2

—

Properties and specifications; Fuel additives; Safety precautions. 16.9 Lubrication Systems System operation/lay-out and components. 16.10 Engine Indication Systems Engine speed; Cylinder head temperature; Coolant temperature; Oil pressure and temperature; Exhaust Gas Temperature; Fuel pressure and flow; Manifold pressure. 16.11 Powerplant Installation Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic s, engine mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains. 16.12 Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Procedures for starting and ground run-up; Interpretation of engine power output and parameters; Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and data specified by engine manufacturer. 16.13 Engine Storage and Preservation Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems.

MODULE 17. PROPELLER Level

17.1 Fundamentals Blade element theory; High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack, rotational speed; Propeller slip; Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces; Torque; Relative airflow on blade angle of attack; Vibration and resonance.

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

L 315/134


EN

28.11.2003 Level

17.2 Propeller Construction

A

B1

B2

1

2

—

1

2

—

—

2

—

1

2

—

1

3

—

1

2

—

Construction methods and materials used in wooden, composite and metal propellers; Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub assembly; Fixed pitch, propeller;

controllable

pitch,

constant

speeding

Propeller/spinner installation. 17.3 Propeller Pitch Control Speed control and pitch change methods, mechanical and electrical/electronic; Feathering and reverse pitch; Overspeed protection. 17.4 Propeller Synchronising Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment. 17.5 Propeller Ice Protection Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. 17.6 Propeller Maintenance Static and dynamic balancing; Blade tracking; Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage, delamination; Propeller treatment/repair schemes; Propeller engine running. 17.7 Propeller Storage and Preservation Propeller preservation and depreservation

28.11.2003

EN


Appendix II Basic Examination Standard 1.

Standardisation Basis For Examinations

1.1.

All basic examinations must be carried out using the multi-choice question format and essay questions as specified below.

1.2.

Each multi-choice question must have three alternative answers of which only one must be the correct answer and the candidate must be allowed a time per module which is based upon a nominal average of 75 seconds per question.

1.3.

Each essay question requires the preparation of a written answer and the candidate must be allowed 20 minutes to answer each such question.

1.4.

Suitable essay questions must be drafted and evaluated using the knowledge syllabus in Part-66 Appendix I Modules 7, 9 and 10.

1.5.

Each question will have a model answer drafted for it, which will also include any known alternative answers that may be relevant for other subdivisions.

1.6.

The model answer will also be broken down into a list of the important points known as Key Points.

1.7.

The mark for each Part-66 module and sub-module multi-choice part of the examination is 75 %.

1.8.

The mark for each essay question is 75 % in that the candidates answer must contain 75 % of the required key points addressed by the question and no significant error related to any required key point.

1.9.

If either the multi-choice part only or the essay part only is failed, then it is only necessary to retake the multichoice or essay part, as appropriate.

1.10. Penalty marking systems must not be used to determine whether a candidate has ed. 1.11. All Part-66 modules that make up a complete Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence category or subcategory must be ed within a 5 year time period of ing the first module except in the case specified in paragraph 1.12. A failed module may not be retaken for at least 90 days following the date of the failed module examination, except in the case of a Part-147 approved maintenance training organisation which conducts a course of retraining tailored to the failed subjects in the particular module when the failed module may be retaken after 30 days. 1.12. The 5 year time period specified in paragraph 1.11 does not apply to those modules which are common to more than one Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence category or subcategory and which were previously ed as part of another such category or subcategory examination.

2.

Question Numbers for the Part-66 Appendix I Modules

2.1.

Subject Module 1 Mathematics: Category A-16 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 20 minutes. Category B1-30 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 40 minutes. Category B2-30 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 40 minutes.

2.2.

Subject Module 2 Physics: Category A-30 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 40 minutes. Category B1-50 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 65 minutes. Category B2-50 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 65 minutes.

2.3.

Subject Module 3 Electrical Fundamentals: Category A- 0 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes. Category B1-50 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 65 minutes. Category B2-50 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 65 minutes.

L 315/135

L 315/136

EN 2.4.


Subject Module 4 Electronic Fundamentals: Category A-None. Category B1-20 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes. Category B2-40 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 50 minutes.

2.5.

Subject Module 5 Digital Techniques/Electronic Instrument Systems: Category A-16 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 20 minutes. Category B1.1 & B1.3-40 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 50 minutes. Category B1.2 & B1.4-20 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes. Category B2-70 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 90 minutes.

2.6.

Subject Module 6 Materials and Hardware: Category A-50 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 65 minutes. Category B1-70 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 90 minutes. Category B2-60 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 75 minutes.

2.7.

Subject Module 7 Maintenance Practices: Category A-70 multi-choice and 2 essay questions. Time allowed 90 minutes plus 40 minutes. Category B1-80 multi-choice and 2 essay questions. Time allowed 100 minutes plus 40 minutes. Category B2-60 multi-choice and 2 essay questions. Time allowed 75 minutes plus 40 minutes.

2.8.

Subject Module 8 Basic Aerodynamics: Category A-20 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes. Category B1-20 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes. Category B2-20 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes.

2.9.

Subject Module 9 Human factors: Category A-20 multi-choice and 1 essay question. Time allowed 25 minutes plus 20 minutes. Category B1-20 multi-choice and 1 essay question. Time allowed 25 minutes plus 20 minutes. Category B2-20 multi-choice and 1 essay question. Time allowed 25 minutes plus 20 minutes.

2.10. Subject Module 10 Aviation Legislation: Category A-30 multi-choice and 1 essay question. Time allowed 40 minutes plus 20 minutes. Category B1-40 multi-choice and 1 essay question. Time allowed 50 minutes plus 20 minutes. Category B2-40 multi-choice and 1 essay question. Time allowed 50 minutes plus 20 minutes. 2.11. Subject Module 11a Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems: Category A-100 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 125 minutes. Category B1-130 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 165 minutes. Category B2-None. 2.12. Subject Module 11b Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems: Category A-70 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 90 minutes. Category B1-100 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 125 minutes. Category B2-None. 2.13. Subject Module 12 Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems: Category A-90 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 115 minutes. Category B1-115 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 145 minutes. Category B2-None.

28.11.2003

28.11.2003

EN


2.14. Subject Module 13 Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems: Category A-None. Category B1-None. Category B2-130 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 165 minutes. 2.15. Subject Module 14 Propulsion: Category A-None. Category B1-None. Category B2-25 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 30 minutes. 2.16. Subject Module 15 Gas Turbine Engine: Category A-60 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 75 minutes. Category B1-90 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 115 minutes. Category B2-None. 2.17. Subject Module 16 Piston Engine: Category A-0 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 65 minutes. Category B1-0 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 90 minutes. Category B2-None. 2.18. Subject Module 17 Propeller: Category A-0 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 25 minutes. Category B1-30 multi-choice and 0 essay questions. Time allowed 40 minutes. Category B2-None.

L 315/137

Easa Part-66 Syllabus 1tw48

Overview 3z723u

More details 2i4a6q

Related Documents g842

Easa Part66 - Module 15 6g4d3n

Easa Syllabus 3d6a2g

Easa Part-66 Syllabus 1tw48

Acronyms Easa 366x52

Easa Biweekly 01-2019 1f26i

Module 17 - Easa Questions 1b514l