Drip Irrigation Design 1k3h2q

DRIP IRRIGAION DESIGN USING IRRIPRO

Submitted by: Simranjeet Singh

Introduction •Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays. •Irrigation is normally used in areas where rainfall is inconsistent or dry conditions or drought is expected.

Drip Irrigation • Drip irrigation is a micro irrigation method in which the rate of water application is very low and without any pressure, i.e., drop by drop. • Drip irrigation is based on the basic concept of irrigating only the root zones of crop , rather than the entire land surface on which the crop is grown.

Cont… •Water flows from the emission points through the soil by capillarity and gravity. •The soil moisture content of the crop root zone is maintain at near optimum level to facilitate optimum crop growth and production.

Drip irrigation system layout

objectives • Provide Sufficient Flow Capacity to meet the Irrigation Demand. • Ensure that the Least Irrigated Plant receives sufficient Water . • Ensure Uniform Distribution of Water.

• How it is better than other irrigation methods and why it should be adopted.

Need of the project •With competitive use of water and its increasing scarcity, it has become imperative to economize water use for optimum productivity. This is possible only through improved water management and adopting advanced techniques of irrigation.

•One such method of modern irrigation is drip irrigation system. •The main focus of the project is to enlighten the people about the advantages of drip irrigation.

Advantages of Drip Irrigation • Less requirement of irrigation water • Water supply at optimum level • Water logging is avoided • High yield • Over irrigation is avoided • Variation in application rate • Reduced labor cost • Weed control

Cont… • Increase in net irrigable area • Highly uniform distribution of water • No soil erosion • Suitable for any topography • Maintenance of high surface temperature • Improved disease and pest control • Tolerance to windy atmospheric condition

Disadvantages of drip irrigation • High cost : – drip irrigation systems are expensive because of there requirements of large quantity of piping & filtration equipment to clean the water. • Expense: – Initial cost can be more. • Waste: – The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation, shortening their usable life.

Cont… • Clogging: – If the water is not properly filtered and the equipment not properly maintained, it can result in clogging. • Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest. You'll need to plan for drip tape winding, disposal, recycling or reuse. • This method is not suitable for closely planted crops such as wheat.

Table: Response of different crops to Drip Irrigation Systems Crops

Water saving %

Yield increase %

Banana

45

52

Cauliflower

68

70

Chilly

68

28

Cucumber

56

48

Grapes

48

23

Ground nut

40

152

Pomegranate

45

45

Sugarcane

50

99

Sweet lime

61

50

Tomato

42

60

Watermelon

66

19

Components of Drip Irrigation system • • • • • • • • •

Pump or pressurized water source Water filter(s) or filtration systems like - sand separator Backwash controller (Backflow prevention device) Pressure Control Valve (pressure regulator) Main line (larger diameter pipe and pipe fittings) Hand-operated, electronic, or hydraulic control valves and safety valves Smaller diameter polytube (Laterals) Poly fittings and accessories (to make connections) Emitting devices at plants (emitter or dripper, micro spray head, inline dripper or inline drip tube)

Fig. - Dripper

Fig.– Drip Connection

ARRANGEMENT FOR DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

USES OF DRIP Irrigation system • Drip irrigation is used in farms, commercial greenhouses, and residential gardeners. • Drip irrigation is adopted extensively in areas of acute water scarcity and especially for crops and trees such as coconuts, containerized landscape trees, grapes, bananas, citrus, strawberries, sugarcane, cotton, maiz e, and tomatoes. • Drip irrigation for garden available in drip kits are increasingly popular for the homeowner and consist of a timer, hose and emitter. Hoses that are 4 mm in diameter are used to irrigate flower pots.

Wetting Pattern of Drip Irrigation • Unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation only wets part of the soil root zone. This may be as, low as 30% of the volume of soil wetted by the other methods. The wetting patterns which develop from dripping water onto the soil depend on discharge and soil type.

Fig. - Wetting patterns for sand and clay soils with high and low discharge rates (CLAY)

IRRIPRO : THE IRRIGATION DESIGN SOFTWARE • Easy and quick design. • Ensuring project quality and efficiency of the system. • Saving water and fertilizer (more than 30%) and reduction in energy costs (up to 30% of the operating cost). • Increase in quality and quantity of the production and profit margins of farm.

• Savings in installation costs up to 35%.

STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED FOR DESIGN: • Select the area of land from the Google map on which you want to provide the drip irrigation system.

• Select the survey points. • Import it to the Irripro.

• Select the source. • Select the point from where we will begin to install the pipes.

• We start installing the main pipes first.

Cont… • Select the main pipe and then provide the required diameter. • Provide the number of nodes. • After this we provide the spacing between the drippers.

• Proceed with selecting the shape of different sectors and draw them on the field you have provided. • Now we provide the angle at which laterals are to be installed.

Cont… • Provide the nominal flow rate of the dripper. • Provide the diameter for sub main and lateral pipes. • Apply this procedure for the other 2 sectors. • Results will show you the amount of water received by the area. • If the amount of water received by the crops is not satisfactory which is shown by red colour modify the diameter of the pipes.

Design Analysis on Google Map Service General information about the AREA: • Survey points -100 • Cell size - 38 m • Grid area - 14.79 ha • Map side - 385 m Map Center: • Latitude - 37.69434 • Longitude - 12.85817

DESIGN PARAMETERS • • • • • • • • •

Diameter of the main pipe = 48 mm No. of nodes = 2 No. of sectors = 3 Spacing between the Drippers = 2 m Angle with which the laterals are installed = 35 degree Nominal flow rate = 4 l/hr Secondary pipe dia. = 44 mm Sub main pipe dia. = 26 mm Lateral pipe dia. = 12 mm

RESULTS: SECTOR 1 •Source: • Source Pressure = 1 Bar • Source Discharge = 10 m3/hr

•Main Pipe: •Secondary Pipe diameter = 45.8 mm

Sub main: •Sub main pipe length = 60 m •Sub main pipe diameter = 28 mm •Sub main nodes total number = 11

Emitters: •Emitters spacing = 2 m •Total number of emitters = 910

Cont… Laterals: •Laterals distribution = Distribute laterals equally •Number of rows = 11 •Number of laterals per row = 1 •Plants' row spacing = 6 m •Lateral diameter = 13.6 mm

Temperature: •Water Temperature = 20 Deg. Celsius

Pipes Slope: •Secondary pipe slope = 0 % •Right sub main pipe slope = 0 % •Left sub main pipe slope = 0 % •Lateral slope = 0 %

Acceptability limit for Drip design

• NOTE-These are the results of drip design before error correction.

Thematic Map of the field

 NOTE- This is the thematic map before error correction.

3-D Pressure graph inside Drip irrigated field

• NOTE- This is the 3-D Diagram of pressure in drip design before error correction. • Red - Not Acceptable. • Yellow - Limit of acceptability. • Green - Acceptable.

3-D Discharge graph inside Drip irrigated field

•

NOTE-This is the 3-D Diagram of discharge in drip design before error correction.

Thematic Map of the field

 NOTE-This is the thematic map after error correction.

3-D Pressure graph inside Drip irrigated field

• NOTE-This is the 3-D Diagram of pressure in drip design after error correction.

3-D Discharge graph inside Drip irrigated field

• NOTE-This is the 3-D Diagram of discharge in drip design after error correction.

2-D Graph of Pressure Variation with distance for Sector 1

• Note- This is the 2-D representation of pressure variation and its comparison with number of laterals for sector 1.

2-D Graph of Pressure Variation for Sector 2

• Note- This is the 2-D representation of pressure variation and its comparison with number of laterals for sector 2.

2-D Graph of Pressure Variation for Sector 3

• Note- This is the 2-D representation of pressure variation and its comparison with number of laterals for sector 3.

2-D Graph representing the flow rate for Sector 1

• Note- This is the 2-D representation of discharge variation and its comparison with number of laterals for sector 1.

2-D Graph representing the flow rate for Sector 2

• Note- This is the 2-D representation of discharge variation and 40 its comparison with number of laterals for sector 2.

2-D Graph representing the flow rate for Sector 3

• Note- This is the 2-D representation for discharge variation and its comparison with number of laterals for sector 3.

CONCLUSION •Drip irrigation system is an economical and very efficient system of irrigating for vegetables, row crops etc. •Drip irrigated crops use less water compared to overhead irrigated crops. •Drip irrigation increase yields.

REFERENCE • Google • Wikipedia • R.Goyal, Megh (2012). Management of drip/trickle or micro irrigation. Oakville, CA: Apple Academic Press. p. 104. ISBN 9781926895123. • Google Maps • Class Notes • Irrigation and Water Power Engineering by B.C. Punmia

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